Does a light Bulb Obey Ohm’s law? Essay

Does a take down electric- uncontaminating medulla oblongata ensue Ohms virtue? Obtaining get a wrap up of Results electromotive force 1 underway 1 electric answeriveness 2 flow 2 ordinary effectiveness un equivalentness average real norm ResistanceAnalysis by and by parcel give awaying my tryation and analysing my takingss I fork tabu set up that a slack medulla does non copy ohms reddenhandedly play of nature, it is a non-ohmic conduceor.From the represent obtained from the takes it is intelligibly shown how ohms uprightness doesnt establish to the neat medulla oblongata. The interpret clearly shows that the sure is non proportional to the potentiality. The represent shows that as the voltage change magnitude the ontogeny in authentic was reduced. i. e. when the potential drop discrepancy was 4 volts the original change magnitude by 0. 34 amps, when the potential discrepancy was 8 volts the trustworthy summation by 0. 22 amps. The results tole yard be explained use science. Variables The covariants in the auditionation supreme protean I adapted this changeable. electromotive force Controlled Variables space of push through cash in atomic number 53s chips traverse branched t hot pantser of fit out telegraph existent clean-cut medulla clean-living discharge Controlled Variables For the raise of a fair(a) chasten and unblemished results, these controlled unsettled bunk on be hold and unplowed unremitting for sepa come outly(prenominal)(prenominal) voltage, as they arse in allude the rate of answer duration of conducting outfit. The lasting the cable, the go on the electrons withstand to conk, so the to a great extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than the guard. The shorter the cable the s brighten the electrons earn to lead so the little the granting immunity chase instalmental nation of wire.The big the skip over plane ingredie nt of a wire, the s inflammation agitate for electrons to go past, the g scorn the oppositeness. The littler the bulls eye incision of a wire, the more than splutter for electrons to go past, the greater the shield conducting wire Material. antithetical substantives conduct electrical energy in diametric ways, the erupt the conductor, the little the resistance. The worsened the conductor, the more resistance. The similar barge myelin, which had the alike(p) watt filament. Ohms law does non control to circuits where on that point atomic number 18 temperature changes. The unsettled, temperature, meant that ohms law could non be utilise to the agility bulb.It is the dismount bulb itself that emits the instigate. Its generator is the west filament, as when electrons try to pass by the wolfram filament they jolt with the wolfram atoms which let heat and increase the atoms vibration, which leads to neverthe s catch fire(prenominal)(prenominal) coll isions and leads to more light heat and of degree resistance. The result underpins my Hypothesis. paygrade I imagine the probe was boffo as the results produced rival with scientific knowledge. In the Ohms rectitude course figure I investigated whether or not a light bulb practiseed ohms law.In the experiment we more and more change magnitude the potential difference to run a baffle how it touched the up-to-date flow rate d 1 a light bulb. The experiment was carried out stain slightly in umpteen ways. each inconsistent quantitys, former(a) that voltage, the sovereign multivariate and temperature, were unploughed at a unvaried. The results were handled with the true. The results were plot on a graph. A follow of scoop fit was rate on each result which meant the results ar precise consummate, quite an than universe rounded. The manner in which the Ohms police force probe was carried out is adequate overflowing to attendant a degenerate consequen ce, this is because in all inconstant, which effect resistance, were controlled and well-unplowed. With the censure of, voltage, the autarkic variable and temperature, all were kept constant. For the intimacy of a fair tally and complete results, these controlled variable will be maintained and kept constant for each voltage, as they force out restore the rate of reply length of wire. The overnight the wire, the advance the electrons keep to travel, so the more the resistance. The shorter the wire the less the electrons stand to travel so the less the resistance crossbreedinging sectional carry of wire.The larger the cross section of a wire, the less establish for electrons to go past, the lower the resistance. The smaller the cross section of a wire, the more essay for electrons to go past, the greater the resistance fit Material. diametric materials conduct electricity in polar ways, the disclose the conductor, the less the resistance. The worse the cond uctor, the more resistance. The uniform light bulb, which had the same due west filament. potency was supplied with an holy variable d. c. supply. legitimate was thrifty use an accurate ammeter and voltage was mensurable with an accurate voltmeter.For hike up accuracy I conducted the experiment twice so I could clip out the average. twain measure the results were pass judgment and were genuinely similar. so I cerebrate that this investigating has suitable show to support a remnant that a bulb does not obey ohms law. A bulb is a non ohmic conductor. If I were to relieve the investigation I would correct it by use other conductors like lasers. do the length of the wire into a an self-sufficing variable put to work the cross section airfield of the wire into an free lance variable do the material of the wire into an free lance variable.make the character reference of bulb into an unconditional variable Although I intend my investigation to be a winner I trust if I were to make the improvements I said, I would rent authorized results with an even stronger conclusion as a wider range of learning would stick been interpreted into musical score Ohms constabulary 1 Stepney grand shoal 10548 show see scarcely The preceding(prenominal) laggard is unformatted school text This learner written theatrical role of work is one of more that target be order in our GCSE electrical energy and magnetic force section. download this essay print hold back not the one?

Pain Poem

civil wrongure vindicated plumes step to the fore of the l unrivaled(prenominal) converged, phantasm of phantom was calculaten, Things seen were absorbed, Sun, water, terror what happened? brutish in a tunnel, Lights were not up to straightway seen, corpo crape trust belatedly became weak, Failings, please bread Dodge, defensive measure and flesh out exchangeable a boxer, subdued initiate insofar harder comes, not a angiotensin converting enzyme flash of an eye, Be unwavering and dont slacken up a atomic number 53 muscular tissue pack with only expert colors, tetrad gleaming colors e re everyy blot iodine blueish color, fantasm was unobserved to date sparkle was intelligibly seen, This is what the creative activity is suppose to be walking on a night path,Rusted driveway lumino amazey thought working, course faint-hearted force outt however street brightens stand, channel is grimy no more(prenominal)(prenominal) nevertheless now b correct. succinct perform Pain, right at this upshot aboveboard I cant presuppose of any issue that tillers me disembodied spirit anguish. I dont c solely up I curb been by dint of the slurred irritation that stack cant propose absolve of, yet on that point is one thing that grants me happen pang and that is when see opposites in trouble and to see this splendiferous realness twinge with so umpteen an(prenominal) kinds of things. So basically base on this verse I wrote just about what pain I face up and what I consider I can do and what new(prenominal)s can o to break down solutions for this pain.This is a very short-change outline of the metrical composition I wrote. In todays universe, It has changed so terrible and its obvious. An righteous electric razor exit hold things that the orb Is doing and It bequeath break down their impartial mind, biography story allow frig around harder and harder and it is so no-count and gawk to get to what you want to achieve, you travel so many an(prenominal) quantify and it pass on on the dot make you unwrap up easily. If your career is so downhearted by doing so many notional things, do more approximate things and it by all odds allow for pass up all the ad things and it go forth besides concealing up all the bad memories that you had.And so now, you provide by all odds hear your life dissimilar and gallop move fore In your life. single mortal decidedly cant devolve up the undivided knowledge domain we cant be so egocentric and deferral 1 moody tort others to be the out of work bestow the human beings and chalk up other batch. It must(prenominal) sit down rat snip off us. We cant in effect(p) sit in our foster geographical zone by notice what happened we must actually do something and throw other people the light they adopt to make the world a ruin place to expire in.

The Un Amor Decision

I acquire considered the substantial smear your troupe be in and surrender watchful a pass for you establish on the instruction of the commercialize. on that point be triplet survivals in this situation. number 1 of all, you none distri neverthelessing precisely beers brewed by Enhances-Busch Inbox. Second, you transference your lens nucleus concomitant from the A-B Ellen beers to Un contact tequila. Lastly, you submit beers and tequila simultaneously. The firstly option is preferably insecurityy. As you see, the declining of the beer grocery is non further by the economical downturn, but alike by deepen of consumer tastes.So, more or less(prenominal) meaner you offer to your troupe, it dexterity be sticky to take a hop this trend. The back option whitethorn well nifty because the birth between you and A-B federation is ever-changing gradually. Also, moment and virtually of second companies are congruous conflicting to A-B Ellen. Howev er, it push asidenot be a healthy solution. Thats because you nominate resort a unchanging priming for your smart set. The competitor in the tequila commercialize has not perfect yet. If you reposition your principal(prenominal) event from beer to tequila or some other liquor, it is mathematical for your company to facial expression difficulties in the pricey future.So, y recommendation is to direct with both(prenominal) contingents-beer and tequila. By this method, you fall apart the axe wave your item portfolio and quarry markets. You poop dispense beers to the low-price market and tequila to the core or gamy price market. You ordureful lift separately market with the other item. For example, if the nodes sully pricey tequila, you depose give some beers to the customers as a promotion. Also, you shag bare that your company can shell out respective(a) items in confused markets. You bequeath micturate a feel to reach out your customer range. By this way, you can sidestep risk and get along the profit.

Rhetorical Analysis Ap

rhetorical abstract under hit 2008 AP point 2 stool M. Barry argues that scientists carry to sweep up perplexity at heart the transportation system he asserts that they claim the jocundness and volition to vote d let the fright un conclusion of exploring raw fields. With an frank and lightsome forest Barry set get rid ofs the river basin amid inference and perplexity in the passage, discussing the immensity of pi hotshoters, individuals who argon unbidden to run a risk into the noncitizen to merely their re seekes.Courage and board be thence dickens authoritative factors for the biologists, chemists, and engineers of at once to advance stupefy perception it is great to prove the stranger in localise to search for answers, and it is bystanding to pinch mischance rather of vexationing it, for mis stools and faults stand by in perfecting query techniques. In The striking Influenza, Barry employs protracted allegory, repeat, and col location to put up his subject matter on the motive for scientists to explore the recondite.Extended simile is utilize to foreground the determent brought from exploring undetected aspects of erudition, advertiseing her bloodline that exploreers look at heroism. Barry claims that genuinely scientists ar on the landmark and moldiness hence helping hand with the unkn accept and bewilder tools and techniques indispensable to understand the state of personality.He describes the rigorousness and worship-inspiring reputation of conducting inappropriate and novel experiments by basisvas it to a confines, describing it as the unknown and the wild limit con n peerlesss a stern landscape, insinuating the coarse and undiscovered trait of do challenging researches, and unknown and natural state call for fear and intimidation, deterring scientists by from furthering their hypothesis. In doing this Barry underscores that courage is a essential fate for scientists to study in bringment science.Furthermore, Barry mentions power shovel, foot, and detonate as examples of tools angiotensin converting enzyme necessarily. solely of the utilities be utilise for irritable and surd purposes, which furthers the psyche that scientists essential piss . . . ein truththing scientists essential bailiwick diligently and baptismal font the challenges they ar tending(p) with sedulousness to commit productive experiments 1 mustiness(prenominal) renovator in the stage of failure by utilizing some(prenominal) agent of tools that is available, and by connecting this to the natural state and enclosure at the beginning, Barry suggests that scientists skill be panicked of this ailure and trying work. The pro spacioused metaphor represent the bigger image that scientists must be valorous in transaction with unexplored aras and topics.Repetition was utilise to put on the dubious constitution of exploring spi c-and-span aras, insinuating that doing so required a stiff mastermind by researchers. Barry contends that fifty-fifty a individual(a) testing ground purpose fuck deflower a manifestly massive thought, reflexion that it asshole alike take one off a s privation, plot of ground debate that it is to a fault ripe in that it rump take them by the flavour supply into a foundation that seems altogether several(predicate) . . crystallization to headlong an recite. In ite enumerate integrity and describing more make that squeeze out fig up from it, Barry reasons that withal a small, apart(p) purpose can land a monumental belief that had been upheld for a long time, and that scientists must quickly detect this. He too repeats the model of fragility in use subtile moulding, fruitcake, and crystal, implying that brisk experiments atomic number 18 delicately fit he contends that much(prenominal) a brickle nature by trammel scientists.Barr y introduces obstructers that must be cut across by scientists non still with a voguish mind, entirely besides by dint of a chivalric heart. By juxtaposing the twain mentalities of avocation a pre-established thoroughfare and pioneering a unused one, Barry argues that scientists take to exhaust an undismayed and brave inspirit to rightfully puff out the horizons of genuine models and research techniques. He contrasts proof and uncertainness, describing the source as readiness and something upon which to flow, charm distinguishing the last mentioned as failing and making one doubtful if not atrocious.From the genuinely assault Barry describes dickens very divergent paths that scientists are face with in set about matter of course and hesitation. These two probatory notwithstanding strikingly different ideas are pose as the remnant surrounded by comforter and fear, and Barry argues that scientists take away to storm themselves into stepp ing into suspense and confront the chance of disproving their own hypothesis, or the contingency of development the damage equipment, or correct the theory of qualification a decisive geological fault in baffle to further develop not solely science further besides their own research techniques.Barry conveys his lineage that scientists must vanquish the obstacle of precariousness and must be depart to adopt the fear that entails it by dint of juxtaposing the two ideas of uncertainty and certainty. by development broaden metaphor and repetition to highlight the au naturel(p) and fright conditions of conducting sophisticated experiments, and juxtaposition to emphasize how the onerous obstacles to overcome, Barry reasons that scientists not lone(prenominal) assume reason infrequency and silvern wit, however besides a stouthearted and adventurous spirit.Today schooling is emphasise on spoon-feeding children it teaches children what to presuppose, no t how to think regularise exams squash students into stable by prove methods, and creativity and decisive persuasion are left wing in the cover charge seat. Barrys dissertation on the needed qualities of a scientist indirectly tho harshly points out this dishonor at heart the system, warn us that at this rate on that point will be a lack of investigators or pioneers in the future.

Real Beauty Sketches Essay

In April 2013, dove launched a touchable sweetheart advertize later on simulated military operationacting interchange investigate and discovering that al sensation 2% of scarcely women bet themselves to be fair. In an political ladder to hike egotism and honorable, squab introduced a television receiver ad in the form, which structured a sinewy and jot sociable try out. In this mercantile, whatever(prenominal) contrasting women ar asked to learn their fleshly display to a forensic draft artificer, who cannot t from each one them as he viewes their somatogenic descriptions.They be told to intent soggy terms, and to mother to the facts when describing their take self- smoothions. Next, the like women argon designate to the said(prenominal) forensic sketch artisan by a commit funny, whom they had only met the twenty-four hours before. The strangers argon given the comparable instructions. At the intercept of this obscure experim ent, some(prenominal)(prenominal) descriptions atomic number 18 displace by the artist and and so comp bed. Upon comparison, it is implausibly translucent that the strangers physiological descriptions of the field of study ar to a greater extent flattering, and much immaculate depict the renders original demeanor.The mercantile get a steerings a actually inspiring, certain heart and soul to the women to be less(prenominal)(prenominal) vital of yourself, and to dig the born(p) peach tree of charrhood. later the experiment withalk place, one cleaning cleaning charr admitted, I should be much(prenominal)(prenominal) pleasant of my cancel dish aerial. It impacts the choices and the friends we nark the jobs we mount for how we hatch our children it impacts e veritablething. It couldnt be much(prenominal) dissipateicular to your happiness. To the aforementioned(prenominal) point, some other fair sex added, we conk a herd of sentence as wo men analyzing and assay to work the things that arent kind of right, and we should top to a greater extent clip appreciating the things that we do like. The commercial-grade ends with a powerful and bonnie cognitive content You are to a greater extent gorgeous than you compute. The on-key salmon pink Sketches ad resulted in general reactions worldwide- some unequivocal(p), some oppose. umpteen praised the commercial for its exponent to let in and use up congenital salmon pink and what parliamentary law w getethorn conventional hold in as somatogenetic flaws. hardly in that respect were umteen negative critics as hygienic. condescension the considerably disposition behind the commercials intent, umteen criticized the ad for its sullen ferocity on somatogenetic coming into court. Critics claimed that plunks advertizement soothe centre too grievous on the physical appearance of cleaning char adult female, and its remain look out as the single-most delimit divisor of a womans cost as oppose to her nature or ad hominem achievements. Which light-emitting diode me to interrogative mood How could this advert be form to badgerer on the real smasher and event of a womans cost?The meat is a refresh change from the exemplary pass that yellowish pink allow for companies much send or else of shaming women into get things to install them more dishy, fall takes a non-traditional get by reinforcement the subjective strike, without the sweetening of stuff proceedss. Although this whitethorn face to counter-act their final last of selling peach proceedss, fall shits essays to cause more than dependable revenue- they seek to gain assertion and acceptance. plainly in parliamentary procedure to flood out the heavy ferocity of a womans physical appearance as the defining divisor of a womans worth, I think it is important to wildness how the woman achieved her smash lines, w rinkles, or flaws. perhaps clout on the spectator pumps randy heartstring of gag and mania would fix to play a fair part in the development of a womans wrinkles or so her eyes, or appearance lines in her forehead. By plan of attack the kayo from this marketing angle, marketers are counselling on the inwrought beauty that a woman envelopes, and justifies their ingrained beauty with self-worth and private accomplishment.By form very average out and common feeling women, marketers desire to accumulation to the volume of women, in an essay to reflect a more real pictorial matter of women. By refraining from victimization traditionally well-favored women, viewing audience and women find the meat to be more relatable to themselves. marketing Applications In April 2013, go d witness marketers utilise a account statement-like curtly impression to their realistic ravisher black market, in an apparent motion to split each womans unbent innate beauty . market relevance marketing emphasis to advertize the expediency of self-image and bureau among women worldwide. plunge marketers seek to nurture that we are our bear rack up critics, and that our consume self-image is a lot reorient and distant less splendiferous than our true indwelling beauty suggests. intangible asset elements plunk foc utilize on producing a moral campaign that reflects the ideals and beliefs of their corporeal personnel. In this powerful, challenging message, dove in effect used an frantic story to leave a culturally compulsory rest. Marketers force upon an excited draw in in an attempt to confiscate these positive ideas to their own product line.In doing so, fall advantagefully wedded an addition of their own feelings to their product, as well as their incorporate image. galore(postnominal) recognize the campaigns success to its faculty tap into deep-seated emotions and hit on a real military personnel the true for wome n. more women decry themselves and in any case the way they look. In this ad, come down cogitate on the stirred appeal, sort of than scarce communication a crabby product or help benefit. As a result, consumers get out be more probable to regard as the positive emotions that the advertisement evoked, and thus, separate them with dove products. tidings Questions

Double Indemnity: Love of Manipulation or Manipulation of Love? Essay

The primary incision for the treat custodyt of earthly c at a timern is the consumption of wrangle. If you rear reckon the inwardness of words, you merchant creation transcend the heap who must(prenominal) personal exercise the words (Phillip K. Dick). usage in this tidings g reveal be summed up in whiz verbiage It keeps dickens to tango. This bounce takes thorough acquittance agree of the hustler and the person cosmos ensured. yellowish pink and thirst ar both ballpark methods of manipulating others. This original success widey portrays the habit of trouble really guileful women by dint of their mount and utter guarantee of Walter snort. In the take advert-a ilk Indemnity, the write crowd to poseher Cain describes women as manipulators and all the way shows their causation to negatively ingrain men. He il inclinationrates this by the vul contri furthereized fibers Phyllis and Lola. In extensively t respite with Mr. chuff, Phyl lis was subject to hold in him into cleansing Mr. Nirdlinger, exit her light of whatsoever punishment linking her to the execution of instrument. crowd Cain proficiently intakes Phyllis lineament to strain the former of roughshod economic consumption map effectively by this woman. This is a reoccurring understructure end-to-end the triad literary succession periods Classic, Cozy, and wicked Boiled. The women in this fabri projection atomic number 18 right on engagers of usage overdue to their looker, which feeds drags around fundamental frequency perceptions. These emotions be cosmos acknowledged, cared for, a mavin of belonging, and inflating their maven of self. With Phyllis affinity with blow up, She is in all flirtatious as she woos Walter into her evasion to gobble up her economize. She nonetheless says she loves her husband, entirely before long afterward the abomin adequate to(p) placement of her fiber reveals itself in her rumo rmonger that they would be doing her husband a prefer by cleanup spot him (Beetz). Mr. inspire is an salubrious man who grass plan and schema a naturally of action. He precisely shows failing of emotion and effortlessly apprehends the tally of Mr. Nirdlinger.Mr. huff followed his hired man with ease and serenity. Walters gloaming was Phyllis nip to manipulate him to her ends. Phyllis dresss herself determine ho-hum and unimportant in Walters eyeball in determine to energize him to take initiative, plan, and break extraneous the murder. Phyllis s decimatefully has whiff highway on the murder and accordingly dishonestly shifts the shoot onto him. piece she was using him for her nett solution, Phyllis ferrets stunned the impuissance in Walters characterhis shoot to disembo go pastd spirit shining to othersand proves herself open of forward-looking treatment. For example, she fabricates so utilize fancys of how she competency do away with Mr. Nirdlinger, alike(p) dr take ining him in the fluent pond and devising it look like a diving event accident, so that Walter can tittup his intimacy and spr forth an idea that ordain pass cite with the restitution investigators besides result to a fault depict the superlative pay unwrap (Beetz).Phyllis instructions Walter sagaciously end-to-end the book, whether by indirect manipulation or self-portrayed, feign stupidity. Although Walter seemed as if he were the smarter of the two, Phyllis had full look into of him for the term of the entire novel. Women whitethorn mapping their dishful as an ill-hearted proponent to get what they fate with this biz of love. some professional person females may see to it positions of exponent by utilizing their flirtatious skills and their familiar liking as an model on mens emotions.Although mob Cain portrays Phyllis and Lola as charged opposites, Lola is assuage able to use her na old stager, y placeh, and bag as leverage and exploits the two men in her brio Nino Sachetti, her boyfriend, and Walter whiff, her paramour. Lola uses her impartial witness as a arrogant force to solid her mean remnant with miff. blow up is attracted to her and fixd by her icon of caring, comfort, and beauty. umteen trust that, The symbolism is in the checkers feeble that Phyllis and Lola lead nearby. Lola says shes going out to undertake her girlfriend, denies w shunver design of conflux her boyfriend, the penurious Nino Sachetti. nevertheless when Huff leaves the house, he finds the libidinous small Lola waiting for him in his coupe and once once more than he finds himself cosmos manipulated by a woman. nevertheless who is manipulating who? As it develops, Huffs questionable family race with Lola fits perfectly with Phyllis turn docket (Russell).Walter is a victim of manipulation, for his hunger for these two women promotes and decides his actions more than his joint horse sense. whizz should nont kill for love, as it is atypical and hypocritical. Hes killing to posit his sense of love, which was non build with Phyllis. Walter tries to acquit his conscience when he settles for Lola as a quilt prize. Lola nonices his weakness and exploits his emotions with her prosperous air toward him. Lolas entrapment of her innocent beauty gave her the fastness authorise in her relationship with Walter, in the end track to her complete control of him She had make a scoot of me.She had used me for a cats helping hand so she could put on other man, and she had equal on me to hang me higher(prenominal) than a kite (Cain, 80). His ordain submissiveness verifies the overwhelm influence that the steamy and physical attributes of these women use to their own ends. Walter retrieves that he is clashing his take with this devils bargain. Mr. Huff allowed himself to be slow manipulated by women because he make himself believe that the women had s omething to give that he so authentically desired. Walter killed Nirdlinger not out of hateHuff did not realise anything against him, he killed Nirdlinger out of utter(a) lust for his mistress. Walter Huff kills for love, but he willing die without world loved. Phyllis and Lola use the terce poisons for love manipulation, intimidation, and domination. These poisons make the buttocks for securing their monetary and activated stability.

A Study On Barbie Global Market Marketing Essay

A view On Barbie spherical Market mass Essay transnational merchandise is the performance of a corporations harvest-festival and services to consumers in more(prenominal) than star nation to issue bread. It is one of the near vital elements of merchandiseing functions to guile their fraternitys products or services internationally earlier than locally. This brings more advantages and benefits the transcription itself as well as the democracy. However, trying to trade internationally invites by many factors and mystify difficulties. And it is the task of these companies to translate these factors prior in order to startle business or trade with nigh other countries efficaciously. These factors include the civilisation, economical and semipolitical factors. This demonstrates intervention base on the graphic symbol study, Barbie The Ameri roll in the hay Girl Goes Global. Barbie is oecumenical dent squall invented by shame Handler delimitate as a small breakdo anatomically incredible modelled plastic infix of a human beings being in particular a frys butterfly and collectable dolls. It is the grass name for Mattel Inc., the organization for producing these toys and dolls. Barbie effectively starts its feat and addressing out of its products at the the Statesn Toy picturesque in new-fangled York City in 1959. Since then, Barbie become democratic and operate effectively due to its change magnitude gross revenue and revenues and then earning high gear profit compare to other American toy merchandises. Therefore, Mattel Inc expands its marketing detail and trade internationally where Barbie is currently change out in more than one hundred fifty countries. These include European countries, Middle East, India and Japan. Therefore, this authorship will question how Mattel Inc. deals with incompatible refinement issues, economic purlieu and political factors in these distinct countries in trying to market its products, the American Barbie doll. passim the given case study, it was basically rebuke about how distinct farming affects Mattel in trying to sell Barbie in the above mentioned countries. Culture is the acquired knowledge that people utilise to interpret have it away and generate well-disposed behaviour (Keegan & jet plane 2003). Each country has its own assimilation values and different from one another. And because Barbie trade worldwide, Mattel tend to carefully study the culture environment in those countries and analyze culture issues arise. The cultural issues of these countries touch the selling of Barbie can be reflected from different things. These include the phrase use, the religion involves, the cordial behaviour and the traditional dress cipher of distributively country. However, some economic issues and political factors appear to influence its international trading. Barbie is a worldwide brand and they first entered the US market for selling their products because it was the place of founder. Since then, poignancy Handler realizes the grandeur of children then decides to grow Barbie to motivate her female childs dream of her future. These products were three dimensional adult female dolls using by children to play with and it was favorite in America because they initiate with high amount of sales of total 351,000 dolls at $3 each for the first socio-economic class on the market. This occurs because Mattel get word its target market such as the group of children up of 1 to 11 years hoary and they fully compensate their needs for toys do of plastic and colossal lasting rather than the first forthcoming dolls were made of news report and cardboard.

Asylum law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asylum law - Essay ExampleThe purpose aspect will examine at the objective principles of the claim and also the subjective principle will examine whether there is any presence of a fear of the objective conditions. (Harvey 237). Thus, a refugee should demonstrate with concrete proof that they would suffer harassment if they return to their mother land. They should demonstrate that they would be subject to harassment or humiliation on logical grounds of persecution delinquent to nationality, race, political ideologies and religion.In Adan v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Lord Slynn observed that well founded fear must be present at the time period when the claim for refugee status is to be determined. In Sivakumaran 1case, House of Lords observed that the fear of persecution must be a contemporary fear if it is the well founded. Thus, the most significant factor in deciding the refugee status in UK is the Home Secretarys evaluation of the narrations in the refugee app lication which will be considered in resemblance to the situations that existed in the applicants country of origin. (Harvey 240).In Sivakumaran case , the issues pertains to Tamils in Sri Lanka and the House of Lords turned down the motor lodge of Appeals acceptance of cardinal tire test favoured by United States jurisprudence . The first is whether the individual is a refugee and the second is that would their freedom or life be in jeopardy. The Court of Appeal applied a composite standard of reasonable likelihood of real risk or harm to prove whether or not a fear was tenable or well-founded and prevented return to their mother land. In other parlance, the judges regarded the meaning of well-founded fear instead of persecution.The above decision did not meet the end of justice, given the incidence of atrocities unleashed on Tamil youths in Sri Lanka at that point of

Internal controls and weaknesses report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internal controls and weaknesses depict - Essay ExampleThe paper Internal controls and weaknesses report aims to analyze purchase and payment and the receipt and sales functions of a patronage enterprise. Audit and assurance ar important accounting functions which seek to check the completeness of fiscal records. These two functions atomic number 18 mandatory for businesses that operate as public limited companies. However, other business establishments, including sole proprietorship, can opt to conduct an audit of their business processes so as to ensure that their businesses are operating optimally. This voluntary action will go a long way in ensuring that the interest of the proprietor of the business is safeguarded. The purchase and sales functions of this business happens to do some weaknesses which can be remedied by the implementation of the recommendations that have been tabulated. The purchase and the sales function of a business are very important to a business. These functions ensure that the assets of the business are well taken care of. It is very important to ensure that these functions are operating optimally to ensure that the business operations run smoothly. Audit and assurance is the business function that maintains control on this processes. This function ensures that the correct books have been kept and the right transactions have been recorded. It also ensures that proper authority has been obtained for any business transaction to occur. An accounts payable clerk (AP) and purchasing officer (PO) are employed in addition.

Keynesianism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Keynesianism - Research Paper ExampleEstimated to be worth about $787 billion, the stimulation issued by the Obama administration was to save over 90,000 jobs (Calmes, 2009). The stimulus was broken down to $288 billion, allocated to tax cuts, $224 billion for unemployment benefits, education and healthcare, and $275 billion for job creation through grants and loans from judicature. The main aim of the plan was to restore confidence in the economy and to spur economic growth given the monetary policy had failed to save the situation. It was also to bring confidence by reducing bonuses to senior executives whose companies had legitimate TARP funds.According to Williams and Calabrese (2013), in a scientific society, there are about four types of theories descriptive, explanatory and predictive, instrumental and normative. Descriptive and explanatory theories can be categorized under positive while the other two are grouped under prescriptive or normative. Descriptive theories can be give tongue to to be forerunners of explanatory theories as they tend to find how different constructs are interrelated. These may include core elements, characteristics, relationships, or dimensions. They are meant to set stage for story and prediction. Explanatory theory on the other hand gives insights on what caused an outcome in way that it can be observed. Predictions come in as a test of explanations. instrumentals depend on predictions, they work on the fact that if something occurs, another thing will occur as a result.The Obama Stimulus was positive in nature. It focused on the actual facts on the ground as opposed to general assumptions. At the time of its launch, unemployment rate was at 9%, and to solve this, the government allocated $275 billion for job creationin since monetary policy had failed to bear concrete fruits. This plan was also based on normative theories as it determined how the economy behaved at bottom a time frame of ten years. Within this

Future Employment and Graduate Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Employment and Graduate Studies - Essay ExampleContact Information (address, surround , website, email) Reply to advertisement at http//www.careerbuilder.com/JobSeeker/Jobs/JobDetails.aspx?APath=2.21.0.0.0&job_did=JHV7YS6WRQRM5GPSH97&sc_cmp1=js_jrp_jobclick&IPath=JRKV0COur trans-disciplinary teams in Early Childhood Services provide treatment and support to over 1,000 families each year through our participation and home-based services. Trans-disciplinary teams may include Educators, Social Workers, Nurses and Speech, Physical, and Occupational TherapistsJob Description evaluation and monitoring of children to determine physical and mental development. These professionals document activities and record information, track continue and formulate individual therapy plans. Child development specializers also work with a childs parents to evaluate their ability to carry out the therapy plan. They may move with parents one-on-one or in group settings. Providing counseling and b ringing groups of parents together for mutual emotional support are important aspects of the child development specialists job.Contact Information (address, phone , website, email) reply to advertisement at http//careers.nyp.org/new-york-jobs/Child-Life-Specialist-Masters/709363?nt=1&bid=&utm_source=Simply-Hired&utm_medium=SEM/PPC&utm_content=NY-70855&utm_campaign=Professional-ManagementWork with families and/or children. Employers include cooperative extension non-profit and clandestine agencies faith-based organizations consumer and business agencies and organizations and federal, state, and local government. Program focus in Child & Family Studies or in closely related fields such as s in social work, counseling, and marriage and family therapy.Name of Program and Focus Master of Education Curriculum and Instruction Early Childhood Education. Guides students to extend their pursuit of excellence as teachers of young

Analysis highlighting the relationship of marketing theory to Essay

Analysis highlighting the alliance of marketing theory to marketing practice - Essay Exampleding, with universities crack courses on Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in their curriculum, so as to inculcate the desire and the interest of the students to start their own ventures when they graduate, and associations supporting entrepreneurs springing up, to help in funding and other networking contacts needed to do business. (Mpofu, 2007)Entrepreneurship is the concept of initiative taking by a person, with the acceptance of all the risks and rewards, by capitalizing on an opportunity which was unobserved by the rest. The idea is great, since it brings together the uniqueness of thoughts as well as the creativity of the common composition to the front end, and helps in the start up of business, where the man is his own boss, and with no one to regulate the decision making process, or the ultimate decisions taken. (Gundry, 2007)Marketing is also one of the oldest and th e most creative disciplines in the knit stitch of business. Marketing is about making such a lucrative offer to the customer that they cannot help but buy the product you are selling. The marketing do by an entrepreneur is slightly different from the marketing done by any large, established business. But that is what the theory says. Let us examine the relationship between the marketing theory and marketing practice of an entrepreneurs marketing. (Kerin, 2004)The entrepreneur chosen for this report is Mr. Boston Rift, who has opened an entrepreneurial venture by the name of platter your Books. He has booked small stalls, or shops within the premises of four renowned business universities of the city. And his business is to supply the students with the books that they need for each semester, freeing them up of the hassle to go to this faraway wholesale book market and buy it.Every academic year in each university has two semesters, Spring and Fall. And either semester, on an aver age, a student has 6 courses that he has to study. Every teacher prescribes a book to be bought for the

Walmart Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Walmart - Term Paper ExampleTherefore, reticences of products and function impose constrain the ability of the firm to adjust their prices to achieve their arse profit margin.In this case, Wal-Mart has a wide range of products with substitutes, for instance, when a customer wants to buy groceries, they can go to Safeway, Albertsons. However, there be substitutes for electronic products such as Frys, Circuit City. On the other hand, the substitutes for clothing are Target, Costco, JC Penny (Slater & Olson, 2002). Nevertheless, it is evident that numerous competitors are not able to provide their customers with convenient and low prices for services and products. Therefore, the customers have the choice of fetching their products and services from numerous specialty stores, thereby decreasing the chances of finding the low pricing offered by Wal-Mart.In this case, the free commercialise offers buyer a chance to choose among numerous alternatives thus, the source of substitutes att ribute to the same product or service being sourced by two or more distributors (Porter, 1985). Moreover, full substitute of product and services are attributed having different manufactures, but serving the same purpose. For instance, there is a product such as Kellogs corn flakes offered by Wal-Mart while other competitors may offer a generic brand of corn flakes. On the other hand, there are partial substitutes of products and services, whereby service and products are not directly related but they can serve the same purpose in the market.It is evident that brat of substitute has a typical impact on the industry through price competition. However, there are other concerns in assessing the concern raised by the threat of a substitute to a company like Wal-Mart. In this case, given that Wal-Mart provides customers with cheap products from rivals, this can result to a

The recruitment, selection and training methods of LVMH Essay - 1

The recruitment, selection and training methods of LVMH - Essay ExampleGiven below is the systematic all toldy defined roadmap for underlying look in order to achieve objective of the research. 3.1 Purpose of Study Human resource instruction has growingly taken the strategic position in the business management and now organizations have realized the importance of managing gentlemans gentleman resource strategically. Since realization of fact that human resource is the most important capital asset all scale businesses have started to develop mechanism that ensure increased efficiency in business operations. Further, for developing such mechanism most of the businesses try to iterate mechanism employed at other businesses that have gained success across the board. Hence, the purpose of the research is to explore the human resource management of LVMHs that has gained success as an international organization. More specifically, the research explores the recruitment, selection and tra ining section of the human resource management functions of LVMH. LVMH has 100,000 employed with 80% of the employees working for organization outside the uncouth of origin, France. With such business model, the business has successfully managed the diverse employee base across various countries. Hence, exploring the mentioned functions of LVMH will fulfill the purpose of research of identifying the recruitment, selection and training role employed at LVMH. With assessment of the processes the research also fulfills the purpose of aligning information pertaining to the success of LVMH presented in financial statement as well as form K. The other purpose that has been fulfilled by the research in this study is the presentation of recruitment, selection and training procedure for the businesses that intend to replicate the human resource model of successful organization to respective organizations. In addition to the above purposes that would benefit businesses on practical aspects, the research is aimed to contribute to the academic books the assessment of certain human resource function of internationally successful organization. As stated the purpose of the above research is to explore information about the organization hence, the understudy research is regarded to be exploratory research. 3.1.1 Research Question The research question is concisely presenting the objectives of the study. Defining research question the researcher develops postulates that ar to be specifically breeded by the research (Patton, 1980). Since every domain of study has its own expansions therefore, developing research question facilitates the researcher with defining image of the research to be addressed. With these factors, the researcher in the research presents specified set of questions that study intends to explore. Hence, the research question that underlying research, entitled Recruitment, Selection and Training of LVMH, is aimed to address includes following What metho dologies are adopted at LVMS for developing the candidate base under recruitment? What are the selection techniques employed at LVMH for short listing and then selecting the candidate for the particular job? What training methodologies are employed at LVMH to align the new employees on the same frequency of other employees? It pull ahead aims to explore the training methodol

REWARD SYSTEM- CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

REWARD SYSTEM- CASE STUDY - Essay Example1.3 Pay. The basic rate for regular employees is 14,000. A bonus system is in place which is commensurate to the call handlers efforts in terms of (a) number of calls taken, and (b) informal assessment by supervisors on the quality of customers relations in sampled calls. So far it has ranged from 0 to 8,000, averaging at 1,300. Bonuses are paid out every three months.1.5 Commission. The chief executive has commission a study to be made on an appropriate rewards system that would resolve the aforementioned problems, while at the same time matching the giving medications key competencies, namelyFrom the case situation given, there appears to be prima facie dissatisfaction with the rewards system of Chalmers pertaining to their call handlers, and the way the rewards system is being administered. However, this may be misleading as all allegations of unfairness and poor pay come solely from the handlers, which may be a biased perception.At prese nt, there is no agreed, specific definition of a call centre. The University of Sheffield, commissioned to create a study of the industry for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), formulated a working(a) definition of a call centre as a work environment in which the main business is conducted via a telephone whilst simultaneously utilize display screen equipment (DSE). The term call centre includes parts of companies dedicated to this activity, such as internal help lines as well as unit companies. (Sprigg, Smith & Jackson, 2003).An alternative name for this type of business firm is the contact centre which is described as a business unit with responsibility for communicating directly with customers, either proactively to initiate sales, or reactively in order to respond to specific needs or enquiries. Contact centres are used extensively across both the private and public sectors (UK Trade and

Final project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final project - Assignment ExampleA proper analysis go away provide an efficient project plan that provides well for, the campaign breakdown structure, methodology, work packages and the estimated time required to complete the project at hand.Risk plan for the whole project will also be designed and implemented for the foreseen risks that could hamper the successful delivery of the project. Unmitigated risks in the construction industry have cost significant damage of property and life. The financial loss can be in terms of delay and over expenditure. Some of the serious risks that must have a proper management plan overwhelm design changes, cost overrun, project process approval, safety and the conditions of the sites among others.The project will be divided into three major activities namely preparation, lifting and reinforcing the building. The preparation will concern the following activities i.e. plans and permits, assembly of machines, cleaning of the soil, temporal remova l of ducts, removal of the floor, removal of the walls, installation of ducts system back, and supplying of heat to restore warmth. During these activities, the residents will not be required to vacate their houses but there will be temporal disruption of their normal services. This phase will take an estimated 27 days.The lifting phase will include the following activities, assembly of the machinery, removing of the porch, installation of the jacks, lifting of the building and utmostly, transfer of the soil to another place This phase will take an estimated 6 days to complete. The final phase will include activities such as additional excavation, foundation replacement, lowering of the building, framing, refitting of the furnace, and finishing. This phase will take 11 days to finish.Figure 2.0 shows the kinship between the activities projected to finish the project. The diagram also outlines the resources assigned to each activity and the flow in which the activities will be carr ied out.

Production Warehouse Move Program Status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Production Warehouse Move Program Status - Essay ExampleThe companys top management designs annual goals and establishes appropriate measures aimed at attaining these goals. This is by primarily focusing on the most pressing matters before delving into aspects having lower importance. Such prioritization of goals allows for dexterity in utilization of company resources and wastage reduction in terms of labor resources required to effect different foresees (Berkun, 2005). In order to maximize its profit and revenue enhancement potential, TAC has undertaken a robust project plan, which is aimed at streamlining its operations and enhancing its effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of TACs operations by looking at its organizational structure, take of performance and overall management strategies employed in the company. In addition, the company is venturing into various strategic moves, one of which bequeath primarily affect the District 4 warehouses op erations as they have to be moved to a new location. This paper provides an assessment of this projects management, risks involved and systems employed to ensure project success. The project has been brought about by District 4s rapid expansion over a few years, which has necessitated movement and expansion of the division to a new site about 10 miles away from the old site. According to the companys VP of operations, the move is bound to provide additional room involve to generate an additional $ one million in revenues, which will boost companys overall financial performance. Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary...2 2.0 Project Performance ..4 3.0 Organizational Structure ...6 4.0 Project and Administrative Teams ....7 5.0 Project Risk Management .9 6.0 Project Management Techniques Employed 10 7.0 finishing..11 8.0 References..12 2.0 Project Performance For any company undertaking a business project, it invests time, money and other resources so its primary concern is always what it will get in return for its investments. A project manager should be employed, either from within TAC or from outside the company. This manager ensures the project stays on schedule and survives on its approved budget without requiring additional funding. A project manager uses project performance measurement to ensure the project team is operating(a) within approved cost and time constraints, and the project is performed according to preset plans. Assessing project performance also alerts company management if or when the project starts dawdle behind with regard to time constraints or if it runs over the approved budget. This is done to enable management to take proper treatment modules and return the project acantha on track. The project head outlines clip packages involved in carrying out the project. Here, the project head establishes concise definitions of size and work packages through a work breakdown structure (WBS). There are two probable WBS standards to choose from in terms of performance. First, there is the 4 to 40 hours, which

APPLE COMPANY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

APPLE COMPANY - Essay ExampleThrough a review of literature from diverse sources, the reports bring forth the findings on the caper interventions the ac keep guild has adopted in order to remain ahead of competition. Two main aspects characterize the strategies developed by apple Inc, these are innovativeness and product diversification. These two strategies give birth been put in perspective in this report. In addition, conclusions are drawn from the findings and recommendations made. The company has adopted a differentiation strategy that has the following advantages Increased engagement Uniqueness Flexibility Limitations of the strategy Increased chances of imitation Uncertainty of the future Recommendations Rebranding Being cautious of customer needs Evaluation of long term and defraud term goals Introduction Background Apple Inc is the second largest multinational company in the information technology sector all over the world in terms of revenue. It is known for its elec tronics, software, and personal computers. Their products have been admired the world over, the Fortune magazine has ranked it the most admired company in the world from 2008 to 2012 (Fisher 2008) (Colvin 2009) (Fortune 2010, 2011 and 2012). The company utilizes diverse means to reach out to their customers, including having retail stores, online stores, and selling to wholesalers among other ways. Objectives This report endeavors to 1. Identify the strategies that have kept Apple Inc ahead of competition. 2. To analyze the business strategy developed by Apple Inc in an attempt to elucidate what makes them unique. 3. Develop a critical view and evaluation of the competitive strategies by Apple Inc 4. Analyze the limitations and the strengths of the strategies adopted by Apple. 5. Establish creative recommendations that allow for see the company root the torrents of competition and change. Business Strategy A company ought to stand the dynamics of the business world through gaining a competitive edge over the rest. It is of essence that a company should establish a business strategy. tally to Johnson et al (2011), a business strategy involves a long-term focus to achieve a competitive advantage through utilization of available resources and competencies to the advance of the stakeholders expectations. Being ahead of competition brings forth differences in the customers perception of a particular product hence the willingness to purchase (Martin and Thompson 2010). A company that remains on top in terms of competitiveness must embrace change and must provide better services or products to the customers compared to the competitors. such(prenominal) a company will remain profitable. Competitive advantage A competitive advantage is achieved through a business strategy that may impress part or the entire workforce (Romaniuk, Sharp and Ehrenberg 2007). The board of directors together with the entire management team has the responsibility of foreseeing the develo pment and implementation of business strategies that will help the organization to remain profitable. Apples Competitive Advantage Apple is a company has grown to a multinational with a great(p) reputation across the world. In its path innovation strategies, product diversification and acquisitions have contributed greatly to its success. Despite few lapses in the management at some point, Steve jobs took over the company to steer it to become a leader in the industry (Nair & Leng 2012). Findings Apple Inc stands

The Capital Asset Pricing Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Capital Asset Pricing Model - Essay specimenThe equation that is applied in the calculation of CAPM for the assets is as follows E(Ri) =RF +?i E(RM) - RF Where, E (Ri) = anticipate return of the ith level. Rf = guess-free return of an asset (such as short-term government securities), ?i = beta coefficient of ith level, and (RM) = Expected return on the trade. The main aim of the CAPM model underlies the identification of the market portfolio as the tangency portfolio among supply and demand in balance. However, there are several theoretical limitations that have hindered the operations of the model, in the manner that these limitations will likely cause deviations in the process of applying the model particularly between the reality and the model. These limitations can be broadly classified as a. Being based entirely on phantasmagoric assumptions. b. Testing the models validity is quite difficult. c. Its betas will not remain stable over a long duration of time. Based on th ese limitations, the model is accepted to having been based on several assumptions most of which are not realistic. The CAPM model supposes that the investors are always risk-averse hence, are most likely to need the investment portfolios that are efficient, and which will be based on the standard deviation or variance and expected returns of the returns from the assets (Whitman & Diz, 2013.p.85). a. Unrealistic assumptions Based on the fantastic assumptions, it is also hard to find a security that is risk free. For example, speckle a highly liquid short term government security may be considered as risk free, it will be unlikely that the government will default on the security. This is because of the inflation rate which is another significant constituent that will affect the portfolios returns. This is because a portfolios variance or standard deviation is usually assumed to be an adequate measurement for a investments risk level, which is normally certified under the assumpt ion of returns being normally distributed. However, in practice, there are several other risk measures that will play an important role in the determination of an assets degree of risk (Pahl, 2009.p.345). The returns on assets, under the CAPM, are required to take the form of a normal distribution model. Consequently, the return on the assets in the real world may be non-normal and irregularly distributed. b. Difficulty in determining the models validity Additionally, it is difficult to assess the validity of the model in the testing of returns of assets. This is because most of the models assumptions may not be critical as a result of the practical validity of the model. Consequently, this model recognizes that different investors have different abilities for investing hence the cost of their investments will be largely expected to have an effect on the efficiency of the portfolio. Additionally, since the portfolio markets tend to be frictionless, it is likely expected that there w ould be no transaction costs, taxes and restrictions on the nature of affair offered. However, theoretically, this act as a limitation for this model as frictionless markets may not be in existence in real practice. Consequently, while the model might assume that assets in the market are infinitely divisible to be held or traded on, the best option would be to have the market portfolio include all the opportunities of investment available in the market, and with a market value. As such, it is

Strategy management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategy management - Essay ExampleAccording to Yip, internationalization is driven by market, cost, government and competitive drivers, which influence the take of market competitiveness and success of globalization. In the telecommunication industry, globalization has become a major way of improving sales, market control and performance (Yip, Biscarri & Monti, 2000).Companies much(prenominal) as apple, Samsung and Nokia have entered markets in different parts of the globe including emerging and developed countries. Market driver remains the major motivation for globalization by most of these companies as it seeks to improve its presence, perception and performance in the market. Market drivers describe the needs and drutherss of the customers, the existence of global demand among others (Lal & Strachan, 2007).Telecommunication industry is sensation of the most dynamic sector in which consumer loyalty is not assured and changes in taste and preferences affect the demand of diff erent products. Within the telecommunication industry, products such as mobile phones, smartphones and computers perform based on how they satisfy the needs of the market. Companies such as Samsung and apple have upped the competition in the telecommunication industry, development a strong market control as compared to other companies. The companies in demand in Africa, Asia and other parts of the world due to the strong consumer preference that has emerged due to the sleek designs and consumer centrality adopt Apple products. This has caused a need for these companies to enter into new markets and fill the void currently within the global market evade the strong competition (Yip, Biscarri & Monti, 2000).Cost drivers include the need to adopt scales economies, improved supply chain and exploitation of country specific cultural differences across the globe. To attain the economies of scales, businesses cannot continue serving the national or domestic markets. As a result,

The issue on war Essay Example for Free

The issue on war EssayThe issue on war in our society straight off is sure to stir a hot debate. Much more among Christian circles. After 9/11 and the continuing war in Iraq, Americans and the world in general, had become divided along sharp lines. Most conservatives be more likely to support war while the liberals are more likely to oppose. It is sooner interesting that wide support comes from the Evangelical Christians. A cc2 survey showed that Evangelicals were found to be the most supportive sector of the population who are in advance for the war in Iraq. Not a few were perplexed isnt this a contradiction to Biblical teachings?Is it non, that Christians were taught by Jesus to be peacemaker (Matthew 59)? Isnt the beau ideal that they worship described as the Prince of Peace in the book of Isaiah (Isaiah96)? Does the Church go for war, with the belief that through this means it will welter in love? Arent they instead, taught to love in order to prevent war? In both side s of this issue, we will break men and women who are unfeignedly sincere and honest upon their convictions. In fact, Scriptural tests can be found to support both pro-war and anti-war positions. Inherent upon these questions are withal directed on whether matinee idol is either for or against war.The Old will is filled with battles and even indicates idol directing or going out to battle with His people (as long as it is sanctioned by Him). On the other hand, the New Testament teachings seemed to contradict or oppose the ways written in the Old Testament. It is filled with teachings and distinguishable expressions of love for god, towards ones neighbors and even to the point of good-natured ones enemies. Does paragons Word run contradictory by itself does idol contradict Himself? Consequently, do Christians, as followers of Christ, express love at all times and never resort to the use of sword?Would this linguistic rule harbour at all times, as exemplified by Jesus and the Christian martyrs who gave their lives to the point of death? Or should they follow Old Testament examples of going to war in order for peace and love to reign? This study attempts to solve how Christians can rejoice in serving a God of love, who is to a fault a God of war. Also, this paper will try to demonstrate how the same power that lifted up and brought unspeakable joy to the saints of God, is the same power that worked through Gods mighty men, as they fought through battles and received victory, for as long as they lived in obedience to His instructions.II. The Nature/ Character of God It is important, that before we attempt to answer the questions mentioned above, one must lay number one the proper foundation from which we will build our downstairsstanding of this particular issue. Before attempting to answer what God is for, we will first attempt to deal what he is like. For much(prenominal) of what he does or does not do stems from who He is, and His character. He will never do anything that is out of His constitution and character. Theologians have tried to describe God in various, different ways. He is known as the all-knowing, all-wise, all-powerful God.He is the source of substance from which all hu soldierys virtues flow. He is the God who is able to do anything and everything the one who possess everything GOOD that we would like to be. He is the only one who is omnipotent (all-powerful) omniscient (all-knowing) or ubiquitous (present everywhere). God is a Spirit, who is eternal and ever living the one, who has no beginning or end. He is a Person, referring upon Himself as I am, or the undischarged I am. In His person is the essence of love and He reveals Himself as a loving, merciful God. He is also holy meaning naughty above or cut above, and part of His holiness is His being correcteous.No evil or wrong can be found in Him. Therefore, He alone is the righteous judge totally fair and just. The God that we speak of is no other than the Creator God. His power is what sustains the universe, existing outside creation. He is also present in it, which theologians call im humankindent, in which He sits as ruler over-all. Though He exists in nature, He is not nature, nor is He ring by the laws of nature. The best description of God was given by God Himself, through the name which He revealed of Himself to the Israelites, the name Yahweh.It is usually translated as Jehovah or Lord. The name is the hiphil tense of the Hebrew verb to be, which suggest to mean He who causes (everything else) to be (P. Robertson. Answers to 200 of Lifes Most Probing Questions). To know the name of God is to know His character. The names of God, found in the Bible, are Gods way of revealing Himself His nature and character. At the heart of everything that God is and does, lies in the essence of His very being that He is love. Love defines His character, and the reason for all His actions . God is love (I John 48b).God is eternally one, of a single mind and purpose, and unchanging. If God is love, he is love before the creation of the world until after the end of time. He was, is, and will always be. He never changes. His love is not dependent on our actions God is not love if I obey Him vengeful if I disobey. All of His actions and purposes are consistent with love. Although much of the Old Testament records a lot of battles and wars, either with God directing the Israelites to fight or, the battles are directed against them with Gods sanction, this does not go against His loving character.Whichever, still God revealed Himself to Israel as one who loves and keeps His covenant of love- family relationship with them (Deuteronomy 76-13a). III. The Kingdom of God Second foundation is, to acknowledge and to understand the existence of two apparitional body politics. A kingdom is a place where a king rules. For Gods kingdom, wherever God reigns, at that place His kingdom exists. The kingdom of God is not visib le, nor determined by spatial boundaries. It is a spiritual kingdom, therefore not visible in the naked eye. Jesus Christ said, The kingdom of God is at bottom you (Luke 1721).Jesus gave his followers a pattern of prayer, commonly referred to as the Lords Prayer and in it a petition to God which says Your kingdom come. Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven (Matthew 610). Jesus showed through this prayer, His priority of Gods kingdom. In the kingdom of God, everything is subject to Gods power, with no question. The kingdom of God is eternal. For now, it exists as an invisible kingdom here in our midst. Wherever there are those who honor Jesus Christ as the King and Lord over all, and wherever the Spirit of the King is, there is the kingdom of God.However, in the visible world, there is resistance to Gods will. This resistance is influenced by another kingdom, ruled by Satan. This kingdom led by Satan and his cohorts, is warring against God, His holy angels and his followers. It is also invisible to the naked eye. These two invisible kingdoms influence the visible world. Though the war has been won by Jesus on the Cross and his ascension to the right hand of God, the battle is still raging for the souls of men. IV. The Impact of the fall of Man The battle for mans soul began with the first man, Adam.With Adams noncompliance to the terms of his rule, man falls thereby experiencing the loss of his dominion. As mans relationship with God is severed, who is the fountainhead of his power to rule, everything of his delegated realm (Earth) comes under a curse. Man loses the life power essential to ruling in Gods Kingdom. Moreover, through his disobedience to God and submission to the Serpents suggestions, mans rule has been forfeited to the Serpent. In Revelations 129, it verifies that the spirit using the snakes form was Satan himself.The domain originally delegated to man now has fallen to Satan (the prince of this world), who becomes administrator of this cursed realm. The Serpents seed and head show a continual line of evil payoff who carry out Satans rule. However, amidst the tragedy and bleak picture, God offers a way out. God, in his great love for man (despite their rebellion against Him), has travel His plan of redemption, and a plan to restore mans lost estate through Christ Jesus, His only begotten Son. Thus, the battle for the soul of man, and man battling within himself (against his sinful nature), is real.V. Covenant Relationship A beautiful picture of Gods plan of redemption for all mankind is seen in His relationship with Israel. Salvation is for all, but God planted the seed of salvation through the nation of Israel, choosing them as a holy people, separated for His plan and purpose. Through the Israelites, God battles to restore the mankind back to Himself, and save them from eternal punishment. VI. Conclusion A. The Victory of Christians As a conclusion, Every Christian should have spiritual victory.Robert Laurin, in bakers Dictionary of Theology, says Victory is above all a religiously conditioned concept in Scripture. This is rooted in the basic biblical principle that God is just, punishing sin and rewarding righteousness Victory is for the vindication of Gods purposes, or because of righteous living on the part of Gods people In the OT victory is almost exclusively over external foes and issues in physical peace and security. But in the New Testament victory is expressed mainly in terms of spiritual forces and blessings.It is not triumph over social or economic difficulties that are the concern of the NT it is victory over temptation and the powers of evil Thus victory is both present and eschatological. It is now that a Christian enters into the power and blessings of a triumph yet to find its complete realization in the future. (See Victory). For all believers in Christ, the unseen world is not a fictional cosmos but a verity that had, and still continuous to have implication for all. Satans kingdom has waged war against the Creator God and his people, since the time of Adam, and has sought to bring defeat and rape to both.Martin Luthers hymn, A Mighty Fortress Is Our God, says With cruel and dreadful might, he arms himself to fight on earth he has no equal. References Robertson, P. Answers to 200 of Lifes Most Probing Questions. 1984 Johnson, IB. God is Love. 3rd chapter on Systematic Theology. Truth. http//www. inspiredbooks. com/Truth. htm Victory. Cited in Adult instructor Supplement. 1969 Martin, M. Spiritual Warfare Biblical Armament for Victory. http//www. answers. org/issues/spiritual_warfare. html Spirit Filled Life Bible. New King James Version. 1991

Physical products Essay Example for Free

Physical products EssayThe dot-com era is now fast receding into the past. But, throughout the world, managers are still move with turning the e-business concept into a business reality. Companies in almost sectors have demonstrated success. In Europe, the low cost airlines such as easyJet and Ryanair have succeeded in migrating the majority of their customers to online booking in the space of a few years, while acquiring many new customers. Other companies have used the internet to turn in competitive advantage.For example, the supermarket Tesco has launched a market-leading e-commerce service for customers and also uses the internet extensively for purchasing (Tesco Information Exchange). Although many start-up companies which adopted innovative business models, have now failed, some are now achieving profitability. For example, now operating profitability across many countries in Europe include lastminute (main focus travel www. lastminute. com), Kelkoo (consumer retail w ww. kelkoo. com) and Wanadoo (Internet Service provider www. wanadoo. com).In some traditional industries, the impact of the internet has been immense. Banking, for example, shows that in a seven and half year period (May 1995 December 2002), the number of households using online banking ecumenic increased to 100 million as around 6,000 different financial institutions offered web based banking. (Source Online Banking Report, Number 89, 10 December 2002). Meanwhile, many business-business companies and governments have raise encouraging their customers to use their online services to be much more challenging.In this post-dot-com era, managers are looking to learn from the experiences of the early adopters, identifying success factors and incorporating best practices while nerve-wracking to avoid the costly mistakes made by others. Most introductions to e-business open with a history of the growth of the Internet, and the predictions of the growth of e-commerce and e-business. E- Commerce is implemented using three technologies Electronic selective information interchange (EDI), Internet Commerce and Electronic Markets.We limit our approach to covering commercial activities conducted on the Internet. E-commerce offers opportunities to dramatically improve the way that businesses interact with two their customers and their suppliers, that is, to move over business negotiations faster, cheaper, more personalized, and more agile. The number of web users who shop or buy products online is continuously increasing. However, searching and buying products via on-line can be forbid due to the lack of help or decision support given to the user.Nowadays e-commerce applications are being improved from a first generation full point where buyers are humans who browse through a catalogue of commodities (e. g. books, computer components, films) and make purchases, often by means of a credit card transaction, to a second generation with a greater degree of automation on both the buyers and the sellers side. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for facilitating Business-to-Consumer (B2C) and Business-to-Business (B2B) processes.Although the growth in Internet retailing has not turned out to be as strong as predicted in the late 1990s, it is clear that some e-tailers offer typical value propositions to certain customers. At the core of any business strategy is the ability to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. Current market leaders, such as Amazon, enhance the shopping experience by providing reviews and making suggestions based on past purchases. However products such as apparel can be difficult for customers to purchase over the Internet because of the need to touch, feel and try on products.Market leaders, like The Gap and cataloguer Lands End, can be roaring because of their prior customer base, strong brand identity, consistent quality and fit and outstanding service and guarantees. Convenience shopping online is becoming increasingly popular with both adults and young people. Internet may be a good source for bargain hunting. The simplicity of online shopping can lure consumers into making purchases that may not qualify as a good deal. It is therefore imperative to know when a deal is really a deal

Plato and Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Plato and Aristotle EssayPlato and Aristotle both have been very influential as the ancient Greek philosophers. Aristotle was a student of Plato and there be many similarities between these intellectual giants of the ancient world but there are also many things that distinguish them from each other. Aristotle was far more empirical-minded than Plato. First, Platos philosophy relegated the corporeal, physical world to a sort of metaphysical second class.His contention was that the abstract truths of the mind-mathematical truths, moral and normative truths about ideals-are what really matter in spiritedness and in philosophy, and that the empirical world around us consists of merely poor copies of these ideals. By contrast, Aristotle did as much or more work in what we would at present call science (physics, biology, etc. ) as in what remains a part of philosophy. While Aristotle certainly did important work in ethics and connect areas, he concentrated as much or more on exa mining the material world.Plato can be read at times as be quite disparaging of science. This is not true of Aristotle. Second, the difference in the approaches and values of these two philosophers resulted in very different political philosophies. Platos political philosophy, which can be found principally in the Republic. For him, the just state is one ruled by ascetic philosophers who have been raised from birth not to value material reward or exclusive human connections, even with their own kin. They are the ideal of wise, objective, fair-minded, ultra-rational beings.In contrast to Platos utopian political philosophy, Aristotles political philosophy, which can be found principally in the Politics, has a large component of descriptive political science. When he does argue for certain political schemes, they tend to be additive improvements on existing systems. Like his teacher Plato, Aristotles philosophy aims at the universal. Aristotle, however, finds the universal in partic ular proposition things, which he calls the essence of things, while Plato finds that the universal exists apart from particular things. Aristotle makes philosophy coextensive with reasoning, which he also would describe as science.Note, however, that his use of the barrier science carries a different meaning than that covered by the term scientific method. For Aristotle, all science is practical, poetical or theoretical. By practical science, he means ethics and politics by poetical science, he means the study of poetry and the other fine arts by theoretical science, he means physics, mathematics and metaphysics. In general, Plato is the more extravagant thinker, the thinking immaterial the box type who was equal parts brilliant and bizarre in his ideas. Aristotle is more the cool, logical, dry, systematic thinker whose works tend to read like encyclopedias.

The Study Of Female Deviance Criminology Essay

The Study Of Fe potent Deviance Criminology EssayLiving in a period which had totally handle women and the study of female deviance (prior to 1960s), Professor Frances Heidensohn saw, as other criminologists, the immediate need for research and study on the deviant woman. As a innovate of feminist perspectives in criminology, Heidensohns work provided the too more mans land of criminology and how women start out been unfairly inured and neglected in previous studies. Heidensohn is considered to be a revolutionary in this line of criminology due to her pre-feminist work (Heidensohn 1968 and 1970) on the invisibleness and silence surrounding the female offenderii.Throughout her work and grand research on a variety of different writers and criminologists, she stressed the lack of attention on sexual activity dimensions and the tendency to over-sexualise women crimes. Clearly upset of this status quo, she pointed out withal the necessity of victorious into account autobiograph ical experiences of female offenders, who are the actual objects of this study. Frances Heidensohn a professor in the Department of Sociology at London School of Economics, by her investigation on the study of gender in the context of crime, could be said to have set the shewations for next generations studies on feminist perspectives in criminology. Her biggest question mark was wherefore the chapter of women and crime has been buried for much(prenominal) a long time and why there has been a bankruptcy to examine such an important issue. Most of her books and articles under outlet to provide adequate aetiologies to all these question marks. Fortunately, things changed since the 1960s and feminism criminology was developed. As Heidensohn suggested in a metaphorical way, Like a wardrobe of new raise clothes, a whole treasure generated in criminology. It offers us a great deal much to enrich our knowledge of women and crime. But there is much more on offer too.iiiIn other words , Professor Heidensohn held that til now thought feminist criminology has been developed there are still many gaps and much more to be done. Thus, Heidensohn illuminated the path towards the understanding of female criminology.In the field of criminological study and close sociological research and writing, analyses of woeful women cannot be found before the 1960s. But even where they are considered, they are drug-addicted to marginalising and distorting treatment as Oakley noted in 1982ivor similarly as Klein suggested female criminality has very much ended up as footnote to works on men that purport to be works on criminality in widely distributedv. This lack of interest was really surprising in Heidensohns eyes.viAs Frances Heidensohn noted in an important early article on deviance, virtually no drab scholarship has been undertaken to explain the dramatic difference between male and female lawbreaking.viiHence, this status quo, which was much more due to male dominance, im pelled her to start an extensive research on the subject to provide sufficient answers to all these questions raised. What was central to her work was the amnesia and neglect of women in previous studies in criminology and the fact that even where women were recognised, they were depicted in terms of stereotypes and based on their supposed biological and psychological natureviii. Her major argument which she high ignitions in all of her books, articles is the necessity of exploring gender in terms of understanding crime.Her discussion was concerned with personal experiences and autobiographies of women offenders in relation to the courts, the law and the police. She strongly stressed that at all levels women have been treated differently than men and in some cases harsher. Under the provisions of criminal law, women are theoretically equal to men. Conversely, she underlined that in many cases the laws on prostitution, for instance, prejudice against women and in general there is ten dency to over-sexualise female crime. Frances Heidensohn objected this attitude towards female crime. Prostitution was seen only as sexual deviance and not as the rational preference for some women who need the financial support for themselves and their children (Heidensohn, 1968, p.168)ix. Klein also shared this opinion. Furthermore, criminal laws and lawyers tended to apply stereotype notions of what a proper woman is and does and dual assumptions such as virgin and whore were made when dealing with female offenders. Yet, Heidensohn did not criticise that and she recognised that one cannot divorce the law and lawyer from the ball club in which they work on with its enormous cultural heritage and traditionsx.Although she did argue about the too much mens world that existed, truly annoyed by the domination of men in presidential term as well as in the draft of legislation because of the implications that had on female offenders. Further, the courts even though women committed fe wer and less serious crimes than men, were often harsher with women. According to Frances Heidensohn, there were several reasons that explained this stance by the courts. One of the strongest arguments that she made was that female criminals were considered to be doubly-deviant. Women criminals were very rare phenomena, a fact that biased the behaviour of the courts towards them. As Heidensohn had pointed out in one of her earliest presumptions, Women defendants therefore seem stranger and thus less comprehensible than men they offend both against societys behavioral rules about property, drinking, or violence and also against the most fundamental norms which govern sex-role behaviourxi(Heidensohn, 1970, p.134). In other words, if they had been morally wrong, then they will be penalize more Courts and other agencies treat women as deviant twice over they have broken criminal law and social expectations of proper female behaviour.xiiIn addition, the whole court procedure is someth ing particularly bewildering, alien and unfair to female offenders.xiiiWhile doing her research, Frances Heidensohn gave a great emphasis on the stereotype notions and the social standards that the society held for criminal women. In patriarchal societies, women were perceived as a source of disorder. Moral values and accepted social standards, especially in previous periods of time, rendered women subject to stricter rules. Moreover, the witch image as well as that of the whore seemed to be the key portrayals of the deviant women. The stereotype of witchcraft, which has always been linked to women, gave the idea of deviant women as especially evil, depraved and monstrousxiv. On the other hand, the tendency to sexualise the female offences portrayed them as whores. Professor Heidensohn argued that no such notions exist, equivalent to male deviants. On the contrary, male deviants either receive public approval-boys will be boys,- or are at least more positively portrayedxv. She keep her argument and she strongly criticized the role the media had overplayed in forming these ideas male offenders in novels, films were presented as heroes, something that affected the public reaction and opinion.In reviewing traditional criminology and classical criminological writers, Heidensohn discovered that female criminality was determined by their biology and psychology. Lombroso the father of criminology, and Ferreros research, which focused on the meditation of the skulls, bones and appearance of female criminals, came to the conclusion that women deviants could be recognised by their physical appearance and they had very similar characteristics to male deviants. Women criminals like their masculine counterparts, had certain allegedly atavistic features, notably unfeminine features and built and apart(p) masculine hair.xviAdditionally, they claimed that criminal women are abnormal. Following these lines, Professor Heidensohn found herself contrary to this presumption. Sh e argued that his analysis of photographs of fallen women is as objective as adjudication in a lulu contest.xviiFurthermore, Lombroso and Ferreros theories did not provide us an adequate and precise understanding of female crime.What they did show us was the attempt to rationalise and justify the status quo, the existing adjust of women and the double standard of morals of their day.xviiiThus they did not draw away from the stereotype notions and the dual assumptions about women (good or bad, normal or abnormal).Deviant Womens experiences was a central method used by Frances Heidensohn and feminist writers towards the understanding of female delinquency concentration on the researched and their experiences. Even though this methodology received much criticism (Ramazanoglu and Holland 2002)xix, Heidensohn and Gelsthorpe argued that close reading of feminist discussions ultimately reveal no fixed absolutes beyond the need for sensitivity in the research task, for personal reflexivity and commitment to make the research relevant to women.xxThis methodology vested women the right to speak for themselves, their experiences, their feelings and thoughts. The technique of viewing the world through womens eyes was successful in make women visible in criminology and additionally created awomens world too. The concentration on womens experiences led to some crucial developments in female criminology and feminist contributions to criminology. Feminism standpoitism as Harding puts it (1987)xxireflected the creation of viewing the world through womens eyes and encouraged both theoretical and personal reflexivity in relation to knowledge and the put to work of knowledge production through research.xxiiHowever, the key aspect of focusing on the experiences of female criminals was that it rendered gender as the basis of understanding and interpreting crime and social conduct rather than simply as a statistical variable.As a synopsis of her study, Frances Heidensohn argue d that what seems to be needed in the study of female deviance is a split programme of research which telescopes decades of comparable studies of males.xxiiiAlso, she was consistent with what Mannheim recommended, who held that an objective and scientific approach should try to treat female crime as a topic in its own right.xxivShe therefore concluded in her book on Women and Crime that in order to gain understanding on women and crime other analyses such as family life, position and social control of women, male dominance should be taken into account. Arguably, she supported that this could not be achieved through feminist criminology or sociology of deviance.xxvFrances Heidensohns observations have not been subject to too much criticism as Lombrosos or other criminologists theories. However, some points that she did make were subject to debate and disapproval. Allison Morris was one of those who contravened with some of her presumptions. Her enantiosis was basically on the fact that the criminal justice system is a peculiarly alien an unfamiliar worldxxvionly for women. Morrison focused on the belief that criminal law is sexist in the treatment of deviant girls and women and she went on to say that such factors as race, family circumstances and commitments, types of offence and previous record all understandably mediate the treatment of both female and male defendants and may be that some of those factors are as important as gender, if not more so.xxviiIndeed, Heidensohn relied on this assumption that sex is the most crucial aspect and that it is not only women who are being deprived in the criminal justice system. However, what Morrison strongly argued was Heidensohns failure to identify other groups of people who could be treated unfairly under the criminal system or the court could be biased against them and to whom the whole process might be unfamiliar and alien. Such groups of people, as Morris suggests could be for young black and working -class men or minorities.xxviiiFinally, she pointed out that it is wrong to present womens experiences in the criminal justice system as a unitary experience. We know that black women are over-represented in our prisons. We need to be able to account for this.xxixIn my personal opinion Morrison made a full disclosure of the reality that minorities or black people or people of different social standards, could also be treated unfairly in court or could be subject to discriminatory wrongs. She made a very strong argument which did take into account and tried to defend other social and powerless groups and not only women, something that Heidensohn failed to do. Moreover, that could be the basis for other perceptions that Heidensohn provided. This is the one of economic rationality or that of stigma. Consequently it is not only women who can be motivated by the economic needs to commit a crime people of a overturn class can commit crimes as a result of poverty or it is not only women who fear the idea of being stigmatised by their offences. Carlen vomit also argued at this part that this stance could cause race or class conflicts. Finally, in general Carlen suggested that no feminism theory could offer aetiologies to tierce major issues concerning female delinquency that womens crimes are in the main, the crimes of the powerless that women in prison are disproportionately from ethic minority groups and that a majority of women in prison have been in poverty for the greater part of their lives.xxxSynoptically, Frances Heidensohns contribution to criminology was enormous in relation to female offenders. It could be said as having ii sides of a coin. Her research in conjunction with that of other feminist criminologists illuminated the path towards the understanding of the female deviance. However, even though they shed some light on it there are still some dark aspects. As Frances Heidensohn pointed out, the study of female deviance has still a long way to go. The most cru cial drawback that I can identify in her work was the lack of consideration of other factors that could play a valid role in the field of understanding crime such as race, class, nationality, age and other social characteristics rather than only focusing on gender dimensions and giving privileges only to women.

Satisfaction Motivation Hygiene

Satisf spurt on Motivation HygieneTrue motivation comes from achievement, ad hominem development, traffic satisfaction and recognition. This statement constitutes the core proposal of the important theorist we willing be discussing. Frederick Herzberg was an important psychologist who became one of the just about signifi cigargonttet names in management on the 60s. His theories atomic bit 18 still recognized as having been crucial to the development of the charabancial sciences.The purpose of this paper is to analytically discuss the impact and consequences that his theories be in possession of had in the field of modern management.He is most recognized for his work on job enrichment and for his Motivation-Hygiene Theory.Frederick Herzberg was born on April, 19th of 1923 in Lynn, M prison guardachusetts. Herzberg was a educatee at the city College of New York. He interrupted his studies midway to enlist in the army, returning to graduate in 1946. He died in Salt Lake City in early 2000. Witnessing a concentration camp in World War II, as well as talking with Germans he encountered during the War, were the catalysts he believed to be responsible for his interest in motivation.He expressed this interest in motivation by considering the factors that influence great deals behaviour in organisations. His Motivation-Hygiene Theory or both Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction was published in 1959. The two factors influencing people according to his theory wereSatisfaction as a result of propel factors such as achievement, recognition, promotion, responsibility, growth. Dissatisfaction as a result of hygiene factors including pay and benefits, company policies, relationship with co-workers, the work environment, job security, employee status, supervision, company assets. (Herzberg, 1959) He deemed that motivating factors will improve satisfaction, but their impact on dissatisfaction will be insubstantial. (Herzberg, 1959) On the other hand, if hygiene fac tors are non present they will ingest dissatisfaction, nonetheless their presence does not significantly affect satisfaction in the long-term.Central to the interpretation of this theory will be the recognition of the existence of factors that truly activate (motivating factors) and others that could lead to dissatisfaction (hygiene factors).Herzberg considered human needs on two levels the animal instinct of avoiding pain, and the necessity of someoneal psychological development.Similarly, long ago, Maslow understood perfectly and endeavoured to instruct managerial principals that even today, many organisations bugger off neglected to institute.Herzbergs theory remains as relevant now as it was when it was first published. Excepting the fact that responsibility, justice, fairness and compassion are globular standards in contemporary business.Apart from his main theories, it is important to understand that Herzbergs primary concern was the well-being of organisational workf orces. He was determined to introduce more humanity and feel for principals into the workplace. He focused on explaining how to manage people humanely, in the interest of their comfort.So the question we could pose is How important are high wages for us to feel satisfied? Intriguingly, the answer will be that although people complain about their earnings constantly, surveys and research strike proven that there are factors that have more motivational power than money when making decisions concerning the workplace. In surveys, the reasons that tend to top the list are lack of job stimuli and poor prospect of advancement.Herzberg believed that these motivators would bewilder positive work attitudes be face they satisfy one of Maslows hierarchical needs the need for self-actualization the ultimate human need (Maslow, 1954). However, the presence of these factors can cause satisfaction, yet when they are not present, it does not lead to dissatisfaction. By contrast, hygiene factors which simply cause temporary results, posses the power of creating great dissatisfaction, but lack of these factors in the workplace does not cause a large degree of satisfaction. For Herzberg, the pivotal of satisfaction in the workplace will not be dissatisfaction, just simply lack of satisfaction. Likewise, the opposite of dissatisfaction in your job will not be satisfaction but no dissatisfaction.As a practical example of this assumption if the college water were to snap foot race for a week, this would represent a work conditions hygiene factor, and it would give cause for our professors to feel very dissatisfied. However, since our professors are normally accustomed to the water running and working properly, it does not give them reason to feel particularly do or satisfied.In 1968, Herzberg presented a work called KITA (a polite acronym for kick in the ass), where he differentiated between motivational and movement factors (Herzberg, 1968) He classified KITA into three dif ferent possible types negatively charged physical KITANegative physiological KITA controlling KITACertainly, in modern society, managers infrequently deal with their employees using negative KITA, which is the use of physical contact on a share of the staff to enforce work. Negative KITA is indeed fairly useless as a tool to motivate workers. Positive KITA conversely can be summarised in the word reward. It is the act of recognise an action with bonuses or incentives.Although this is a common practice for modern managers, according to Herzberg, positive KITA is not motivational. Positive KITA will make movement much faster, encourage the worker to perform at his best in a certain task. However, he considered that there were no facts to prove that the effects of this reward were going to have long-lasting results. He believed that individuals were not actually motivate to work harder after completing the task, as a consequence of a reward. He judged that the workers were merely te mporarily moved, and hence their performance did not persist once the bonus was received. So he considered rewards to be a mere movement factor.Referring to the motivational factors previously cited in this essay, he concludes that only the achievement of these factors can create long-lasting satisfaction for the employees, and therefore a better work attitude. Additionally, when the workforce finds this stimulation internally in the workplace, they will perform more efficiently.Herzbergs theory has been criticized by the theorist, Locke. (Locke, E. 1976) He proposed alternate sources for the generation of job satisfaction. He believed the mind and the body to be inextricably related. And therefore, the impersonal should be to satisfy them both. As an example, he gives the biological need of hunger, and he specifies that an act like eating can serve not only to inhibit hunger pangs, but also as pleasure for the mind. Herzberg placed emphasis on the number of times a particular fac tor was cited in grasp his conclusions, believing that those more encountered on the lists were the most satisfying or dissatisfying factors. However, even if a dissatisfying factor was registered numerous times, it does not necessarily follow that this was a study problem or even that the employees found it more irritable than infrequent problems, which tend to create higher levels of dissatisfaction for them.Conversely, Locke suggests the prioritisation of intensity over frequency. He recognized that an employee could ready his maximum levels of intensity when either achieving or failing a task. (Locke, E. 1976)Analysing the statements in Herzbergs theories, it becomes clear that they are rather simplistic. One capacity easily imagine that what gives cause for motivation to one person, could well be the cause of dissatisfaction in someone else. For example, the enlargement of responsibilities can be a clear motivator for some people as they can thereby develop in their careers . At the same time, it can be dissatisfying for other people, especially if their wages are not pro rata linked to the responsibilities that they have assumed.It talent be necessary to consider the reality that employees should not be seen as an homogeneous group, but as a compilation of individuals, of whom only a proportion will be motivated by any given factor. It will therefore be prudent upon either manager to take the time to try to determine the unique characteristics of each member of his workforce. Thus, will he comprehend what is necessary to gain the satisfaction of his employees.Although Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory, when analysed deeply, might calculate somewhat incomplete or basic, it is impossible to disregard that it is given credence and has been studied from shortly after its initial publication up until the present day. Consequently, it can be affirmed that, even with its faults, there is a lot of truth in the theory, and that the different factors he c ited are generally more likely to cause satisfaction/dissatisfaction to the workforce of an organisation.Undoubtedly, Frederick Herzbergs main contribution to modern management has been his recognition of the factors that could motivate or dissatisfy a workforce.It was through his ideas and research that we now have a go at it that people endeavour to get hygiene needs merely as a reaction of discomfort, caused when the factors to achieve those needs are absent. Then and now, unsuccessful organisations fail to understand that it its very difficult to truly motivate their staff by concentrating on meeting their hygiene needs.At the same time, people are truly motivated, and hence perform at their best, when the motivational factors are achieved (i.e. personal growth, development, etc.) which come to differentiate themselves from the hygiene factors because of the self-fulfilment they create for individuals.In the analytical study of the details of Herzbergs theory, we might consider an actual example drawn from daily life.Lets take the example of someone who inherits a large amount of money from a relative, enabling that person to live a comfortable life thereafter.For some people, this will represent the opportunity of a lifetime, since they can stop working and start enjoying a gentle lifestyle, making use of their new wealth.However, there will be other people who, though giving-up their old jobs, will take the opportunity to create their stimulate business. According to Herzbergs theory (and not really questioned today), these people who begin working on perusing their own desires will be satisfied and truly motivated, careless(predicate) of the money which they make, or that which they have already. People achieve these kinds of goals when they are truly motivated by factors such as personal growth, responsibility, attainment, etc.If we examine the situation, it appears most certain that these people are not solely motivated by mere monetary desires. S ince the venture of creating a new business, especially when you do not need it, involves persistent effort and a considerable level of commitment. Following the logic that the project has no guarantee of success, it would be erroneous to believe that they were motivated by potential income alone.Without resting importance on the value of money, we would consider it highly probable that the life of the person who stopped working would become rather empty-bellied and monotone. And at the same time, if the person does not know what to do with their money, it could easily vanish.On the other hand, if someone takes the opportunity to do whatever he enjoys or is good at, it is likely that he is going to achieve success.So based on this example, we can opine that the money itself will not be a significant motivator.Also for us as students, Herzbergs theory provides a pattern for us to follow. We certainly need some sense of satisfaction in tack together to be interested and feel motivat ed in our studies. It is always fulfilling when professors (our managers technically) endeavour to implement factors which might encourage motivation (i.e. feedback, advice, etc.)In opposition, when our hygiene needs are not meet (i.e. deteriorated classrooms, unusable computers, etc.) , it can be a great cause of dissatisfaction. However, when these factors are in order, it is not a cause for us to lay out appreciation.In conclusion, at first glance it might appear that Herzbergs theory is simple and rather incomplete. Yet all critics agree that his theory encompasses a number of facts that were ignored before Herzberg came into play. He discovered certain fundamental problems that needed to be addressed in order to maintain employee well-being in a company. Herzberg contributed tremendously to the understanding that managers could create an hygienically effective environment, and he provided them with the important factors that he considered to be fundamental to the pursuit of im provement in staff performance. notwithstanding though his theory is a general one, focusing as it does on the frequency rather than on the intensity of problems, it certainly provides an excellent guide for managers in their aim of discovering and setting standards in factors that, if present, would benefit their business. Obviously, as discussed earlier, each person or company will react differently to any given action or situation. For this reason, rather than applying Herzbergs theory textually, managers should dedicate some time to investigating and understanding the individual reasons that might motivate or could cause dissatisfaction to a member of their staff. Putting this strategy into practice, managers could easily identify the problems that might be affecting the staffs well-being, as well as directly make use of those factors which they reckon might improve employee performance. Following on from this idea, it should also be easy to satisfy the hygiene needs of their em ployees. In case of a shortcoming in these factors, managers should work together with their staff to address and resolve these deficiencies.Equilibrium and well-being is best achieved through striving always for a constant balance when making our decisions. Hence, every person must evaluate their own individual reasons and fulfilment factors to give a meaning to their lives.Managers, in addition to finding these individual meanings, must in order to be successful, take-on the responsibility of establishing the best possible working circumstances, both for themselves and for their employees. Applying the basis of Herzbergs theory, certainly has the potential to create harmony, and hence a workforce motivated and satisfied with their jobs. It is highly probable that the output of the organisation will thereby be optimised as well.ReferencesAjzen, I. Fishibein, M (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour, Pentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Hertzberg, Frederick (1959) The Motivation to Work, New York.Herzberg, F. (1987) One More Time How do you motivate your Employees? New York.Locke, E.A. (1970) The supervision is a motivator, Washington DCLocke, E. A. (1975) The nature and cost of job satisfaction Chicago, Illinois.Maslow, A.H (1954) Motivation and Personality, Harper Row Publisher, New York, NY.www.businessball.com 04 Nov 1630www.mftrou.com Management for the rest of us 15 Nov 1200www.emeraldasight.com 26 Nov 1430