Behavioral Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

behavioural Analysis - Essay ExampleIt has a PE ratio of 27.9, and there are about 12 storehouse trade analysts rating Biogen as a Buy neither a sell nor a holdup company. Average volume for Biogen has been 2.0 million dollars shares daily for 30 days annually. It has a market cap of 90.8 one thousand million dollars and is a part of the medical sector and drug companies. Biogen stock has a beta of 0.62 and a short-circuit float of 1.3 percent with 0.89 days to c everyplace. Biogen shares are up 13.7 percent annually of the close of trading monthly. agree to the Street Quant Ratings, Biogen is a rate as a buy and the companys strength exists in many areas. For example, the solid stock price performance, impressive record of stipend per share fruit, and compelling growth net income. Others include robust revenue growth and largely solid financial status with middling debt levels by most measures.According to the recent highlight analysis of the Biogen company ratings, influence d by its outstanding earnings growth of 72.77 percent and other vital driving factors. The stock of the company languished by 30.23 percent over the past years outsmarting the performance of the S&P 500 index rating the same time. BIIB regardless of numerous stock market challenges would maintain despite enjoying fabulous gains in the past year. Biogen Company has record significant earnings per share creating improvement in the recent fourth compared to the previous quarter. Company shows a pattern of positive earnings per share growth over a period of two years. In every fiscal year, the company increases its bottom-line profits by the rate of 12.39 dollars compared to 7.82 of the past years. Besides, the market anticipates much increase in the earnings of 16.78 dollars from 12.39 dollars (The Street Wire 2015, p.1).The company depending on the net income growth from the same quarter a year ago significantly outperformed against the S&P 500.The rate exceeded other sectors such a s Biotechnology industry average. When compared to the

Law 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law 4 - Assignment good exampleIt governs how a business concern is run, and if any violations ar made, the owners or directors of the business is deemed level-headedly liable. There are legal punishments in the form of corporate revocations and fines for violations (Halbert & Ingulli, 1990). The two name business law and ethics are non similar though they are linked to the business environment. The public scrutinizes a business that is not racecourse ethically, and there is a normally tough analysis of the legitimacy of their actions. Halbert and Ingulli (1990) state that although business laws ensure that a company is run in a legal manner, the ethics of a business regularly assure whether the business is surpassing the limits set upon by law if not breaking them unintentionally. For example if a business that deals in the mining of fluorine dumps its wastes in the rivers the action may be legal. However, the action may be wrong if the activity is done wrongly.According t o Armentano (1996), antitrust and monopoly are other business terms that go hand in hand with each other. Antitrust law is a set of rules that annihilate the unfair business practices. Monopoly is the business practice that involves a few businesses being the suppliers of products in a abundant market. The antitrust laws are set up to promote rival in the market. Certain business practices are deemed illegal if they impair business practices and affect the consumers in any way. Armentano (1996) affirmed that, illegal practices are viewed to be unethical in the business environment as they lead to market and business failure. Practices that lead to unethical activities in the business world are considered illegal according to the antitrust law. Monopoly is the act of a item-by-item entity controlling the market price of a certain commodity (Armentano, 1996). Monopoly is brought about by lack of competition in the market one or few companies dominate the business industry. The few

Use of the financial statements to make business decisions Essay

Use of the financial statements to make business stopping points - Essay eccentricWhen the calculations are done, they indicate that at a price of $40.97, the Coca-Cola Company spent a total of $4,015.06 billion to repurchase 98 million of honey oil stock in 2014. On the other hand, at a price of $37.11, the high society used a total of $4,490.43 million to purchase 121 million shares in 2012. This indicates that the company spent just $475.37 million to repurchase 23 million more shares in 2012, which means that the pleonastic shares only cost an average of $20.66 per car park stock repurchased in 2012. This simply goes to show that the extra shares of common stock that were purchased in 2012 above the 98 million mark were very, compared to the price of the common stock in 2014, since they cost 50% less. Additionally, if the Coca-Cola Company had to repurchase 121 million common stocks in 2014, it would obtain used a total of $4957.37 compared to $4490.43 that the company us ed to repurchase 121 million common stick on 2012, which shows that the Coca-Cola Company would have saved a total of $466.94 million, if it would have purchased more common stocks in 2012. Therefore, based on these calculations, it would be much cheaper for Coca-Cola Company to repurchase more common stock when the prices are lower since it would save a lot of money. In this respect, the Coca-Cola Company financial statements can help the management to make a decision on whether to use some more of the companys profits to repurchase more common stocks, other than waiting until the price of the common stock increases.

Dominant Ideology in British News Broadcasting Essay

Dominant Ideology in British News Broadcasting - Es maintain sampleThe answer lies between the lines that bring out the news of the war in both Britain and the US. Steven was a dupe of terror - no doubts about it. But his being American was just half the story. His murder is only(prenominal) an attempt by a pagan enemy to a nation of soldiers and newsmongers called the US, an attempt by the pack to tell the world that these men did not report the brewing of the soup as much as they cry about the murderous soup called the war on terror being served on the platters of internationalistic diplomatic circles. It was not what the press said that lead to the murder of Steven, but what the press did not say that led to his killing. Or quite does the silence of the press intend to say more than they said in words. Do the gloomy looking news readers on channels in the UK say more than they could pull up in words Should that really have been the scenario Did that silence warrant the murde r of a promising diarist Where do we go from here They are perceived as independent commentators by the people and in many cases - such as the Iraq war, their independence has turned out to be a spook rather than truth. Independent reporting is a thing of the pastor is at least as fictitious as Jack and his Bean Stalk. What is most obvious from these reports is that it has sidelined human rights largely in countries where western armies are operating. In most cases, the despots are simply terrorists that need to be done with and in certain countries, the despots are the lift out available choices and friends of these nations. Press in the west has made this mistake time and again. The recent examples are chairwoman Suharto of Indonesia and his mass murder venture in East Timor which was largely underplayed by the western media. This process went on for a substantial period of fifteen years.

Ethics in Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ethics in engine room - Essay ExampleIn contrast, the Trojan Horse was specifically classified as a computer virus which manifests damaging capabilities to the computer in terms of infecting the users files virtually undetected. Its origin was reported to hand over be sourced from the story in the Greek mythology regarding the invasion of Troy where Greek warriors reported hid in the spacious wooden Trojan horse that was presented, supposedly as a gift. Part 2 Examining the Morality of let go of a Worm 1. Through Kantian Ethics Explaining Kantian object lesson philosophy in simpler terms, the ethical possibleness is expounded through the scenario where a perpetuator of an act focuses on the act itself, without apparent regard to the acts sound reflection or outcome. Kant asserted that by virtue of the task, duty, or job, actions are evaluated on their own precepts. Kantian ethics was also explained in terms of seeing ones behavior or actions in terms of ones duty or obligati on. In the case of Morris, as a student, it was his duty to aline and adhere to the standards and ideals of the university where he was enrolled. As such, his actions were governed by the universitys rules, policies, and codes of coduct and ethical behavior. Therefore, looking at Morris actions regarding the issue of psychotherapeutic the Internet worm that apparently created damage to more than 6,000 computers globally , the act still violated both(prenominal) ethical and moral standards using the Kantian ethics in terms of discerning that the act itself was already wrong at the onset. Releasing the worm as the act was found to be described as the unfocused intellectual meandering of a hacker completely absorbed with his creation and unharnessed by considerations of evident purpose or potential effect (Eisenberg, Gries, Hartmanis, Holcomb, Lynn, & Santoro, 1989, p. 706). The committee who reviewed the ethical dilemma found that Morris actions failed to abide by the ethical stan dards of professionalism and of discerning that the act was initially morally wrong. 2. Through Utilitarian Ethics Utilitarian ethics, on the other hand was described as an ethical theory that focuses on the results or outcome, specifically, how the action affects the great issuing of people for the greater good (National Endowment for Financial Education, 2006). With the premise that utilitarian ethics focuses on the outcome, Morris release of the worm is definitely seen as morally wrong since the results have been proven to be destructive. Likewise, as revealed from the Cornell Commission, while reviewing Morris actions, the committee tasked to impose sanctions to Morris revealed that by being a student of Cornell and who accepted accountability for purgative the worm through the Internet, he exemplified failure to take a proactive stance in poorly considering the repercussions of his actions and what the potential effects would be in the owners and users of the computers he i nfected. Therefore, the action is also a violation of moral standards using the utilitarian ethics framework, since it resulted to negative impact on a significantly large number of people, whose files and databases had been compromised, lost and damaged due to his actions. Conclusion In evaluating the ethical issues pertinent to Morris

Marketing and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing and technology - Essay ExampleThe essence of technology in marketing is widely conveyed in terms of commerce and information sharing by way of advertising via the inter give notice and separate electronically operated means of promoting goods and commodities. In the presence of special software, online tools, and applications rendered possible by technology, marketing sites can be established to possess captivating themes in order to attract leads or buyers for whom a cross good or service is intended to be sold. Through the technology-enhanced worldwide web, social networking can impact persuasion of people to acknowledge or believe in an idea that leads to fruitful interactions. Eventually, the growth in dealings with prospects which a business individual or group manages by mere socialization over the net would imply increase in revenues, in the level of productivity, and thereby in the yield of optimum profits. Of course, this commonly accounts for an ideal assump tion that undesirable factors identical fraud and issues on identity theft occur in rare frequency. Thus, because most people especially consumers prefer to negotiate online to save them some time and cost of travel, it is natural for business parties to put up their online stores via acquisition of paid domains and hosting. Internet is such an avenue with which some(prenominal) opportunities are realized and this concept of e-commerce can be perceived to extend its influence to almost both nature and form of business in a society. Based on the positive consequences of technology by means of the internet upon businesses in general, if handled properly beyond illegalities or corrupt intentions, online endeavor may sustain the U.S. preservation at a desired rate. According to a bubble map study, however, the economic impact of the web, with particular reference to the use of Google, is not quite significant on the services sector compared to the separate contributions of industri es like Media and Telecommunications. Likewise, the retail sector of the U.S. is found not to obtain appreciable shares from the internet though the manufacturing sector acquires well-heeled returns, on the contrary. In the assessment, surprisingly, manufacturing establishments possess the capacity of enabling good economy with their online endeavor as they bear with systematic yet effective approach of developing the e-manufacturing aspect of the business to support the economy by enhancing productivity and reducing costs. Moreover, marketing professionals are able to take advantage of technology by gaining the say-so to conduct several modes of formal or informal product presentation using MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, phone app projection, and video conference among others. Because technological advancements have been capable of transforming device characteristics from analog to digital functions, from publicize to narrowcasting, and from stand-alone TV to internet-supported TV, t here exist flexible options for marketing individuals to expand market and scheme toward optimal outcomes with consumers. It is normally convenient to work with technology-driven marketing for technology provides not only ease in kill tasks for marketers in various areas, it naturally captures the interest of the public due to upgraded resources and

Online E-Petition System Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Online E-Petition System - belles-lettres review ExampleAs such, in the midst of various possibilities of providing formal online participations platforms for citizens, e-petition systems have been considered as world official and fully operational online democracy activity for parliaments and governments, as easily as for non-governmental institutions across the globe. The runner of its kind was done in 2000 by the sparing government it was apparently the first online petition or e-petition system to be established anywhere in the world by an elected parliament (Susha and Gronlund, 2012 Medaglia, 2012). This was followed in 2002 by the fan tan of Queensland, which also designed and developed its own e-petition system. The Bundestag, Germans Federal Parliament also followed suit and has been, since 2005, operating an e-petition system that is more similar to the one established by the Scottish parliament. Not only parliaments followed this path, governments and other non-govern mental institutions also followed this path for instance, the office of the British Prime Minister in 2006 launched an e-petition system dubbed the British Prime Ministers e-petition system (Ralf Lindner and Ulrich Riehm, 2009 Beddie et al., 2001).In comparison to other forms of formal, codified, and commit online political participation, which are albeit less advanced, e-petitions which have a quite impressive uptake by a number of public institutions still remains more an experimental concept limited to very special(prenominal) purposes (Taylor-Smith and Buckner, 2009). For instance, online voting, a form of online participation in referenda and general elections has been introduced in various jurisdictions across the globe however, just about governments eventually have refrained from these online political participation systems because of unresolved legal, technical, and political challenges (Kriplean et al., 2009 Bhle and Ulrich Riehm, 2013). In the US, as well as in many ju risdictions throughout

Database Design- Dependency Diagram Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Database Design- addiction Diagram - Essay Example non be necessary to show all the data dependencies among the sundry(a) modules because some module might be unconnected in a sequence or era and hence these are not illustrated on a dependency draw. For example, a module might demonstrate data that cannot be used by another module until time lasts. In this scenario, the existing dependency among these modules will be left off in the dependency plat.The dependency diagrams are also indispensable and useful when there exits complex dependency of module in a database system. Otherwise, the effort which is required to carry through the dependency diagram is not warranted in complex dependencies. In this case the recommendation is the decomposition of the diagram to a less complex one such as an action diagram or a structural chart which is outlined to form a suitable dependency diagram. Action diagrams might not be used to illustrate further elaborate details such as in the sha re accesses to the main storage, which is not illustrated in a dependency diagram. A CRUD diagram might also be used to illustrate dependency among some of the processes that are not shown in the dependency diagram such as the year end time dependency among

You choose it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

You choose it - Essay ExampleFuture cities exit be urban nightmares. As disciplinen in the research conducted by KPMG Africa (2013), megacities are extremely unsustainable. This results from the concomitant that the cities continue to expand and increment in population. On the other hand, the non- human nature is slowly depleted. It is even worse with the thought that no younger cities are growing or economies. This explains an automatic stagnation in the cities that is characterized through the rising scantness levels and a primitive society.Megacities will also become a city of despair going with the fact the rise of cities has become the source of pollution, and other harms to the human body. KPMG Africa (2013) explains how the growth of cities have affected the cities in cost of the pollution from the smoke emitted from different forms, different types of foods have been chemicalized, and even the water for consumption has been polluted. It is worse to see how the human pop ulation is struggling to adjust to these changes. Some of the human species struggle to adjust with the changes in globalisation (KPMG Africa, 2013 MlrdnTv, 2014). The status of the humans has therefore become extremely complex with them dealing with issues that result from urbanization much(prenominal) as climatic changes, deforestation and even technology.KPMG Africa (2013) continues to explain how the process of urbanization has been linked to noble levels of poverty, high unemployment levels and food uncertainties. This trickles down to the access to health opportunities, other basic necessities such as water and sanitization services. This explains that in as much the population in the urban centers may be a functional population, they live in terrible conditions. The growth process will then be slowed down since the cities will be extremely impoverished and will not meet the needs of all persons.Nonetheless, megacities can be termed as major sources of opportunity. KPMG Af rica (2013)

To what extent do you agree with free market economics being more Essay

To what extent do you agree with dispense with trade economics being more effective than a mixed economy - Essay lessonThe government apart from refraining from regulating the market also does not provide any go and leaves this to the semi esoteric sector. This kind of market has received both positive argument and negative ones (Hodgson, 2006). Those who do not liveliness that this kind of market economy can be efficient argue for a mixed market economy which includes the role of the government both as a regulator as well as a player in the employment of goods and services. This mixed market is also called Keynesian economics, named after the notable English economist who helped in the rebuilding of the American economy during the great economic recession of the mid-thirties in the United States of America. The mixed market system features the government as a referee and prefect in the economy, providing for regulation and control as much as is needed. It also features the government as the provider of the approximately crucial and basic needs and services to the public. This is done to make sure that these are not capitalized. These services include education especially at elementally level, health and security. In a mixed market economy, the private sector is involved in the greater part of the production, but under the watch of the government.There are a number of advantages with regard to the mixed market. To begin with, the fact that the government is involved in the production of essential services is important in order to provide for the protection of those who may not contribute to get these services from the capitalist market. The mixed market also regulates the private sector for the purposes of protecting consumers against unjust exploitation. Those who argue in favor of the mixed market argue that the belief by free-markets enthusiasts that the market has its hold way of regulating itself through the laws of demand and supply (competi tion) are fundamentally wrong. This argument against the efficacy and

Copernican Theory vs Ptolemy System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Copernican Theory vs Ptolemy agreement - Essay ExampleA bran-new anomaly-resolving paradigm is born. Copernicus heliocentric opening was revolutionary because it set into motions a paradigmatic shift from the Ptolemaic system of cycles and epicycles and geocentric planetary system to the present single theory of planetary motion and heliocentric system of the universe.It is vital, at this point, to know what constitutes a scientific revolution. In this regard, doubting Thomas Kuhn whose book The Structure of Scientific Revolution has greatly influenced the history and philosophy of science should be consulted. harmonize to him, a scientific revolution can be recognized by the following characteristics the presence of anomalies in the previous paradigm and the failure of scientific recourse to resolve them the ability of the new paradigm to stomach solutions to such anomalies the incommensurability of the old and new paradigms the invisibility of scientific revolutions the creatio n of a community shift with valuate to the relevant area of science, and finally, a change, on the part of scientists from being puzzle solvers to paradigm testers after the new paradigm takes over.Taking into consideration the above principles, it is appropriate at this juncture to scrutinize the work of Copernicus vis--vis the Ptolemaic system. check to Copernicus, the then acknowledged system were incoherent because they lack a common methodical consensus in ascertaining the movements, they failed to support their purpose, and the mathematicians cannot define the shape and pattern of the universe. Since he cannot explain these anomalies within the existing geocentric paradigm, Copernicus read ancient writers and philosophers works and discovered the idea of a moving earth and declared that if the motions of the of the rest of the planets be brought into sexual relation with the circulation of the earth the heavens themselves become so bound together.

ASTR123 H Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ASTR123 H - Assignment ExampleThis globular mark as M13 had a inflexible distance. In his assumptions, Shapley believed that all the globular were of the same size. Later, he established that the lie was 50000 light-years from the center (Melia 31).On the other hand, Curtis agreed to Shapley findings that the globular clusters were not in the beetleweed. However, he disagreed to his estimations of their distances. In Curtis opinion, these clusters were walk-to(prenominal) while the galaxy was smaller. Further, Curtis believed that the galaxy was a vast collection of the stars situated way from the boundary of the milklike Way (Melia 29). Therefore, despite the two agreeing and disagreeing on some facts, they both had a common idea that the galaxy was in the universe, something they argued out based on the position of the globular cluster in the Milky Way. And, if this was the case, which is not, consequently it could be concluded that the galaxy is the entire universe.In 1935, Andrew McKellar was in the in the astrophysical observation squad during which, he involved himself in astrophysics research. It was then that he used the CN excitation doublet lines in 1941 to measure and determined the effective temperature of space to be 2.3 K. Around that period he establish this important discovery that could pass on earned him a Nobel prize, but the world was at war-world war two (WW II). Therefore, Andrew McKellar never had time to loose his findings. Again, scientist gathering to deliberate on this research was not possible. After the WW II, the world recovered, but in a sluggish rate. In 1952 when the astronomers had their first meeting in Rome, Andrew McKellar file had been forgotten (Naselskij, Dmitry and Igor

V for Vendetta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

V for Vendetta - Essay Examplethrough and through his efforts, V discovers a terrible truth rough the countrys past, pushing people into a revolution. The movies diagram and cast play a significant role in enhancing the utilisation of the story (Spencer 13). Various scenes argon particularly important in exemplifying the movies principal(prenominal) points. The movie makes a dramatic turn in the scene where Evey is tortured in order to happen upon the indistinguishability of V. This scene helped defined Eveys character and progress the storys plot. The purpose of this opus is to add a character into the scene of Eveys torture and mesh the new character into the plot so as to enhance the story. The character I choose to add to the story is that of a master torturer who is called upon afterwards Eveys initial masked torturer fails to gain the needed information regarding Vs identity and location. In this particular scene, the professional torturer whose name is capital of Nebra ska interacts both with Evey and her torturer. The interactions inherent in this scene are pivotal since they show the viewer, for the initial clip in the entire film, what life was like prior to the reclamation, as easy as how it impacted peoples lives during the transition to the present government (Spencer 49). In the scene, after Evey is caught and tortured by authorities for details on V, the torturer who is among the authorities who caught her attempts to gain information by commencement immersing Eveys head into water before threa tening her with execution. capital of Nebraska starts by ripping off Eveys clothes and threatening to allow her former assailants, from whom V had saved her, to rape her. Lincoln is clearly well versed in torturing people he even has a set of tools, which he defines as the tools of the art of torture. Lincoln lays the tools on a nearby table, obviously with a view to intimidate Evey into disclosing what she knows ab away V. The lighting of this s cene is as grey and blue as that of the last scene. This represents the present political manner of the time (Spencer 51). While the initial torturer wore a mask to disguise himself, Lincoln does not disguise himself, however rather allows Evey to take a close look at his scarred face. In order to progress intimidate Evey into disclosing Vs details, Lincoln narrates to her the tale of his last torture victim, a middle-aged woman, to the highest degree the same age as Evey who had knowledge of an impending attack on the nations leader. Lincoln tells Evey how he tortured the woman and eventually got the information he needed from her before killing her with his surplus hands. Part of the dialogue Lincoln and other characters in the torture scene includes Lincoln Why frame in yourself through the trauma of torture if you already know that I always gain the information I need? Evey If I am still going to die, what is the purpose of disclosing what I know regarding V? Lincoln Becau se that information will dissuade me from showing off my new torture tools (Evey remains silent era Lincoln gazes at her) Lincoln Okay, let me give you a few minutes to ponder on your decision while I have a glass of water with my peers (Lincoln leaves the room and heads towards the masked torturer who turns out to be V) Lincoln She refuses to disclose your identity and location. What do you want me to do? V Give her time to think before going back in. Lincoln Do you still need me to harm her? V Yes. Only lightly until it is clear she is willing to die rather than give away my identity. Lincoln Okay. (After ten minutes, Lincoln returns to the torture room) Lincoln I presume that you have made a decision. Let us start by you telling me of Vs real name Evey His name is V and he is more of a man than you will ever be (Lincoln laughs sarcastically) Lincoln (As he pulls out a sharp

Promoting a Healthy Workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promoting a Healthy Workplace - subsidisation ExampleThey will help be important when accounting for the misbehavior of the colleague (Lewis, 2006).3. Substance twist is a concern among health professionals as it can lead to miss-treatment of the patients. In case a co-worker is involved, it is important to 1st warn and try to help them out. But in case they ar habituate or persistent, report the matter immediately to the manager for appropriate action to be undertaken against them. The most normal physical injury experienced by LPNs and nursing assistants is needle stick injuries.4. Sexual harassment mayhap in two ways. One is a nurse demanding sexual favors from patients or a manager or nurse demanding sexual favors from a colleague. These favors include inappropriate touching of private body parts, deliberate picture of private body parts, or even a forceful sexual intercourse. These is handled by first specimen the culprit and by and by report them to higher authority in case they persist.5. Both healthcare facilities intromit the essence of patient safety and nurses safety during and after an infant is born. Special interest has been laid on procedures such as safe patient handling and staying safe from rubber-base paint allergies (injuries from allergic reaction to latex substances) and needle stick injuries (from accidental piercing of the body caused by needles). Being competence acclaimed facilities, this emphasis on safety is a pointer that workplace safety should always be set as a priority for efficiency.6. A nurse found impaired by either illness or intoxicant/drug dependency is held culpable of ability to cause injuries to patients. Such an individual is subjected to court proceedings and later on counselling upon which, in case they fail to change, their license may be revoked. Most nurses interviewed are aware of these rules and strive to stay away from action that may impair their ability to acts soberly term administering treatmen t.7. ANA

Religious Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Religious Terrorism - Essay Example that there is a major difference between sect and cult.A sect is a issue of an established religion where mostly people either die off or expand into a major denomination so a sect-based religious group is more likely to play the voice of the victim, not the aggressor.A cult, on the other hand, is a more dangerous, spiritually innovative group headed by a charismatic leader who usually motivates his group and has several aims other than to become a major denomination.Todays terrorists ar ultimately more apocalyptic in their perspectives and methods. For many violent and radical organizations, terror has evolved from being a means to an end, to becoming the end in itself. The National Commission on Terrorism quoted R. James Woolseyanother(prenominal) feature of religious cults that makes them incredibly dangerous is the personality-driven nature of these groups. Cultist devotion to one leader leaves followers slight able to make their own moral decisions or to consult other sources of reasoning. If that leader is emotionally or mentally unstable, the consequences can be catastrophic. The more dangerous religious terrorist groups from traditional faiths may often make do this feature of the cult as a charismatic leader who exerts a powerful influence over the members of the group. (Matthew J. Morgan, 2004) Again I would like to link the acts of religious terrorism to brainwashing, as to how it relates to terrorism. Cults usually possesses one primary(prenominal) aspiration in mind i.e., to motivate and inspire their groups to the utmost till a stage comes where the groups no longer needs to be motivate and appear in one of the following categoriesIntentional brainwash - the victim knows as to what he is doing in terms of rights and wrongs. He is aware of all the consequences and still likes to be brainwashed.Unintentional Brainwashing - the victim is deeply inspired by the aggressor to the utmost that he is oblivious(p redicate) of his own condition. (Uncertainty) Causes It is all-important(prenominal) to distinguish religious terrorists from those terrorists with religious components, but whose primary goals are political. Religiously motivated terrorist groups grew sixfold from 1980 to 1992 and continued to increase in the 1990s. Hoffman asserted The religious imperative for terrorism is the most important characteristic of terrorist activity today. Todays terrorists increasingly look at their acts of death and destruction as sacramental or transcendental on a spiritual level. The pragmatic reservations of secular terrorists do not hold backward religious terrorists. Secular terrorists may view indiscriminate rage as immoral. For religious terrorists, however, indiscriminate violence may not be only morally justified, but constitute a righteous and obligatory advancement of their religious cause. As Hoffman observed, the constituency itself differs between religious and secular terrorists. S ecular terrorists seek to defend or promote some disenfranchised population and to appeal to sympathizers or prospective sympathizers. Religious terrorists are often limited to their own constituencies, having no

Assess the Role of Faith in Supporting Religious Belief Essay Example for Free

Assess the Role of Faith in musical accompaniment Religious Belief EssayIn 1877, William Kingdon Clifford propositioned in his book Ethics and Belief that judgment in nearthing without sufficient say is irrational. Whilst he accepted that in many t all(prenominal)ings there is often an epistemic hoo-hah between the evidence and the conclusion (inductive priming coating) he did also telephone call that It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to opine anything upon insufficient evidence. furthermore he claimed that that tolerating credulity (a tendency to believe readily) and superstition will damage ultimately society. He concurred with David Hume (1711-76) when he utter All wise men proportion their belief to the evidence. This military posture that belief without sufficient evidence is irrational is called evidentialism, and is adopted by many atheists (including Clifford and Hume) in their view of piety.However, congenital theology instead attempts to amass evidentialism on its own terms by attempt to show that belief in immortal is very rational. It draws collectively upon all of the a posteriori arguments for deitys humankind including the teleological, cosmological, moral and experiential arguments. However, it is rare that an atheist will be convinced by the evidence of these arguments anywhere beyond the point of agnosticism. It is generally accepted that belief in God requires some element of seemingly irrational doctrine.Indeed, the stance of fideism states that reason plays no part in belief. Whoever attempts to demonstrate the existence of Godis an excellent subject for a comedy of higher lunacy. Soren Kierkegaard. Moderate fideists suggest that reason fuck actually be destructive to ones creed. They claim that reason leads to arrogance by encouraging the caprice that human reason alone will suffice and that God unnecessary for moral or eldritch direction. Whilst moderate theists view reason as a barrier to tru e opinion provided, (thus disregarding natural theology as irrelevant) extreme theists go so far as to agree with Tertullian when he said (AD 155-222) Credo quia absurdum est. or I believe because it is absurd.doubting Thomas (1225-74) claimed that there were two ways in which to exist God. The first is through natural theology, including his five a posteriori proofs constructed by human reason. The second is through revealed theology which cannot be found by human reason alone, tho must involve divine intervention or revelation. The acceptance of these revealed truths requires belief, and this is fundamental to the Christian religion. For example, precisely faith can reveal the truth bottom of the inning the statement God is the father, the son and the Holy Ghost or that the bread of communion is the body of Christ. then revelation provides us with a body of truths, which must be taken on faith alone. Aquinas claims that faith is a combination of reason and opinion. It invo lves reason since it is propositional i.e. claims definite beliefs to be true and therefore same to scientific knowledge. On the some other hand these truths cannot be proved, and so involve an epistemic first step. It is this epistemic gap that makes faith a matter of opinion and so allows humanity free will over their belief. The stance that it is our choice whether or not to take a leap of faith was also held by Soren Kierkegaard (1812-1855).Alvin Plantinga (1932-) proposed that the undefiled foundationalism upon which evidentialism is based is flawed. Foundationalist beliefs are described by Plantinga as the starting points for thought and he summarises their definition as I am entitled to believe X without any evidence if and only if it is self-evident, incorrigible or certain to me in some way. He argues that this is flawed, since this statement is itself neither self-evident, incorrigible nor is it certain in some way. It appears therefore that foundationalism defines it self as irrational. He also states that there are many beliefs that can be held rationally, moreover that do not fall under the foundationalist criteria or that can be justified contingently. For example, the trust we absorb in our memory, or the belief that other people have minds of their own.Plantinga argues that we must ultimately reject Graeco-Roman foundationalism on the grounds that it is incoherent, and also because it rejects many beliefs that common smell tells us to be properly raw material. He propositions that his reformed epistemology should take the place of classical foundationalism, and because of this It is entirely right, rational, reasonable and proper to believe in God without any evidence at all. A theist powerfulness claim that it just appears obvious to them that God exists, and for Plantinga this is good enough. However, surely this would mean that anything we like can be a properly basic belief? Could a childs belief in Santa Clause not be defined as properly basic? Plantinga would respond by saying that it is the beliefs directly connected to Gods existence that are properly basic, rather than the belief in Gods existence itself. For example, the guilt felt after committing a bad deed or the sense that something must have created and designed the universe.Blais Pascal (1623-1662) deemed that it was reasonable to have faith in God by a sheer act of will, so certain was he that he put forward a wager Let us weigh the gain and loss in wagering that God is (exists)If you gain, you gain all, if you draw back, you lose nothing. By this, he meant that the theist stands the chance of gaining entrance to paradise at the risk of nothing, whilst the atheist however risks damnation to hell. However, surely this basis of self-gain is at odds with the teachings of the Christian church? W.K.Clifford suggested that God would sweep heaven to those who followed Pascals wager on the basis that faith should be founded upon trust and morality, n ot self gain. Pascal might have responded that true belief would arise from the habit of religion i.e. baptism, mass, prayer etc. However, this is contradicted somewhat by his opinion that ones relationship with God should be somewhat deeper. It is the heart which perceives God and not reason. Furthermore, Pascals definition of faith appears to switch off the recognition of Gods immanence and His affect on our everyday lives.William mob (1842-1910) found Pascals proposition that we can change our beliefs by an act of will entirely ridiculous. He claimed solidly that our beliefs are contingent i.e. each new belief is connected to the previous one. He does agree however that it is rational to sustain a belief even without sufficient evidence given certain circumstances. The first circumstance is where the evidence is indeterminate between two beliefs i.e. favours neither election. The second circumstance is if we are faced with a genuine pickaxe i.e. one that is living, forced an d important. By living James means one that is a reality, as inappropriate to a dead option, that whilst theoretically possible, isnt actually going to happen e.g. a devout Catholic supporting the gay pride movement.A forced option is one that cannot be avoided, e.g. choosing whether to go to school or to have a lie in when your alarm goes off at 730. A momentous option is one that is unique and irreversible e.g. joining the army as opposed to a lilliputian option which is reversible and one that happens regularly throughout life. James states that it is therefore sometimes rational to believe in God without sufficient evidence if the choice is a genuine option. He disputes Pascals wager as necessarily being a genuine option as it is not necessarily forced (one could deny the possibility of going to hell) nor is it necessarily living (one might be a devout follower of a different religion). However, he does accept that for a person who perceives the evidence as indeterminate an d is already assailable to belief in God, Pascals wager might succeed in tipping the scales and getting them to make that leap of faith.James does believe however that faith can in some instances be a genuine option, and a decision that involves seizing the opportunity and taking a risk. He states that when faced with a genuine option and without sufficient evidence, making a decision will then reveal the evidence to us. For example, one cannot be sure of a strangers kindness until they have decided to trust the stranger and give them a chance. Similarly, by making a leap of faith in God, the definitive truth will be later on revealed by eschatological verification. However, natural theologians such as Aquinas would certainly dispute James claim that the evidence is indeterminate, for the cosmological, teleological, moral and experiential arguments whilst inconclusive can be extremely persuasive. Furthermore, like Pascal, he seems to ignore faith as an acceptation of Gods immane nce and active presence in our lives.The version of faith held by Aquinas, Plantinga, Pascal and James is propositional in that they all claim that faith about believes in Gods objective existence. However, faith can also be seen existentially as an attitude incorporating God subjectively into the worshipers life. For instance, when I say I believe that murder is wrong or I believe in free speech I am not stating anything about existence, scarcely rather about my commitment towards certain values. H.H.Price (1899-1985) claimed that the statement I believe in God is similar to this in that it is a way of perceiving the world using certain values. to see oneself as a created, dependent creature, receiving life and well being from a higher sourcethe only appropriate attitude is one of grateful worship and obedience. John Hick.To conclude each of the arguments examined above shift in their relationship with reason, but what they all have in common is that faith is central to the beli ever and must work independently of reason to some degree. Some of the arguments incorporate reason, some reject it entirely, but the transcendent nature of God can never be proved, can never be indubitable, for faith is an integral part of religion. Perhaps then natural theology is not trying to prove Gods existence to the point where faith is cast out and conclusion resides in its place, but rather it is merely trying to explore Gods nature.I do not seek to understand so that I may believe, but I believe in order to understand St. Anselm (1033-1109) Proslogian 1. Natural theology could therefore be seen as an expression of faith, rather than a foundation for it. The majority of theists argue that faith is necessary, for if God proved himself to us, we would no longer have free will over our belief and so would be robots without dignity. On the other hand, surely God in His omnipotence could find some way of maintaining our freedom whilst simultaneously providing us certainty of his love? Why not give certainty to the millions of His helpless and suffering children who have lost faith for where is their dignity?

Bureaucratic Politics and Intelligence in the Falklands War 1982 Essay Example for Free

Bureaucratic Politics and learning in the Falklands War 1982 EssayThe Farklands contend began on Friday, 2 April 1982. The fight was between genus Argentina and the unify ground (UK). The main dispute was oer Farklands Islands and South Georgia and the other Islands know as South Sandwich. The fatalities of the frenzy included many people such as left-wing activists, trade unionists, students and even journalists. The Farkland Island was well known for its abundant supply of oil within its territorial waters. Argentina had already occupied the islands which was a British colony.Their main aim was to relocate attention from economical and social problems at that concomitant pick up (Grant, 2000, 3). Therefore, it was a political contrive by the Argentine political organization to break away from its own call forth of social infringes. Jorge Rafael Videlas armament dictatorship as part of the Operation Condor carried out the state terrorism. The Farklands conflict mark ed the nifty use of modern weapon systems under the military theorists. All the main elements of military theory came into practice at that period.This included several elements such as public enthusiasm, national determination, probability and miscalculation. Additionally, the fight was itself an inquisitive combination of modern high-tech warfare and low-tech. The British forces were often outnumbered on the war ground. They never had the exact air true covers and only what they had was the aircraft that came with the task force. The bureaucratic political sympathies played a major role in ensuring the victory of the British during the Farklands war. For instance, four factors are said to have neccessitated the British success.This includes, effective and sufficient training of the military, good leadership by the political leaders who gave them a solidification of support, courage in the army and above all the Britains closest supporter, the United States. The endorsement o f the United States insurance towards the Farklands conflict provides an adequate evidence of how bureaucratic politics was involved during the war. The veracious response of the above mentioned insurance policy was properly constituted and played at the highest levels of the Reagan administration.The process was mainly imprisoned entirely to the executive branch which was by that time dominated by the conformist view of the the Statess place in the whole world. On the other hand, Graham T. Allisons bureaucratic politics did not support the acceptance of the foreign policy goals. The president Reagans leadership style, the relationship of versatile personalities, conflicting interpretations of national interest and the opposing bureaucratic imperatives played a main role in creating a situation that was being characterized by disperse power and multiple actions in the war (Gustafson, 1998, 14).During the 1982 Falklands war, the Thatcher government attempted to assume an isolated and remote colony in the South Atlantic as British sovereign territory was rattling important in ensuring the mobilization of the media and also the support for the war recovery campaign. The re-imaginative process also included the role of the rural imagery. Additionally, the government-imposed censorship enhanced positive reporting of the war campaign. During the Falklands war, there were some negotiations between the two sides to avoid war but an agreement was never reached.This substance that the use of diplomacy had failed in the Falklands Islands (Mauro, nd, 3). The main reason that constituted to this disagreement is that, there was a agglomerate of misconstruction between the British and the Argentines. For instance, The Argentines never believed that the British would retaliate and on the other hand, the British always fought to believe that Argentina wanted a peaceful solution. Regarding the presidents personalities they were required to remain and be very dependabl e in terms of the diplomatic principles.The diplomatic solution was however not reached in the Falklands due to the political self-preservation, practical obstructions and diplomatic principle that were being practiced by the political leaders. During that time of war, the Argentinas rulers were under the General Galtieri, a murderous, unpopular military junta. When they invaded the Falklands islands, they decided to make themselves less(prenominal) unpopular at home with the forces of Argentine prejudice behind them. This enabled them to be aware of all what was happening in the world around them and support Galtieri invasion and occupation.Margaret Thatcher together with her government in Britain was at that particular time very unpopular at home too. As a result of 1982 defeat, a heavy-handed and incompetent dictatorship was overthrown in Argentina and then democracy was restored back (Robert, 1988, 428). The army was subjected to a civilian rule and was also transformed into m odern professional institutions that were devoted to regional integration and peace. The Role of Intelligence in Explaining the War of Falklands 1982. The Britain intelligence professionals disregarded signs of political unrest and particular military intelligence communication theory from Argentina.As a result of their ignorance, they were vulnerable to surprise attacks. Another factor that contributed to the acceleration of the Falkland conflict was the unattended United State diplomatic efforts and reactions. The British were enjoying the privilege to access the U. S intelligence in their policy making. Intelligence was only considered to be the main determining factor in making of foreign policy that was being used during the war (Justin, 2007, 6). Application of intelligence enabled the successful conduct of the military operations of the Britain and the Argentina government.Domestic ratification of international agreement which seemed so much peculiar was applied during the Farkland war. In win-set patch theory, the agreement was only possible if those win-sets overlaps and the larger each win-set and more probably they overlap. However, the smaller the win-sets, the more the riskiness those negotiations between the parties will finally break down. This was the same case that applied during the prolonged pre-war Anglo-Argentine conciliation over the Farklands islands. Tentative agreements were opposed in one capital or the other.This was mainly caused by political reasons when it became intense that the earlier British and Argentine win-sets did not overlap at. As a result, the war became virtually inevitable. The negotiations were interpreted in terms of a bureaucratic politics model of level 11 politicking The armed forces of Britain were much closer to those of the United States and their air forces worked together during the Falklands war. The Britain also had well collaboration of weapons programme which was very strong in the nuclear area (Sea n, 2007, 9).Additionally, there was much co-operation on human intelligence between profound Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Britains Secret Intelligence service (SIS). The intelligence services included major planet photos, unmanned aerial vehicles and other defense intelligence staff. Therefore, the Britain found it much easier to re-conquer Falklands because of the American intelligence. The Argentines used up-to date intelligence together with their detailed skills and knowledge. For instance, the Argentine ships were sailing to and around the Falkland Islands testing the Argentine defenses.During the Falklands conflict, France seemed to be very helpful to the Britain in support of intelligence. For instance, President Mitterrand instructed the French intelligence services to help the Britain track the movements of an Argentine ship that sailed close to France and Spain and was suspected of trying to get French-made military hardware. Additionally, the selective discharges o f French signals intelligence were of great benefit to the Britain during the Falklands war. References Gustafson, L 1988, The Sovereignty Dispute over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands, Oxford University Press, New YorkJustin, V 2007, Argentina and Britain the lessons of war, viewed 5 magisterial 2010 from http//www. opendemocracy. net/conflict-falklands_malvinas/lessons_vogler_4495. jsp Mauro, J nd, The Falklands Islands War Diplomatic Failure in April 1982. Wake forest University, viewed on 5 lofty 2010 from http//www. historymatters. appstate. edu/documents/falklandislandswar_000. pdf Robert, D 1988, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics The Logic of Two-level Game. International Organization, Vol. 42, No. 3, p. 427-460.Viewed 5 August 2010 from http//portal. uam. es/portal/page/portal/UAM_ORGANIZATIVO/Departamentos/CienciaPoliticaRelacionesInternacionales/personal/fernando_rodrigo/pagina_personal_fernando_rodrigo/teoria_relaciones_inter/Textos/Putnam-%20The%20Logic%20of%20Two-Level%2 0Games. pdf Sean, M 2007, Some Reflections on the Falklands War and the Kitsch-left in a flash Viewed on 5 August 2010 from http//www. workersliberty. org/node/8076 Grant, C 2000, Intimate Relations, viewed 5 August 2010 from http//www. cer. org. uk/pdf/cerwp4. pdf

Intercultural Relations Essay Example for Free

Intercultural traffic EssayQuestion There is no need to study intercultural relation. Discuss Communication occurs between individuals who bring forth varying degree of intimacy within each other. Intercultural relations capability is the degree to which people effectively adapt his/her nonverbal and verbal messages to the appropriate cultural context (Kiss 2008). Intercultural relations can be taken place when individuals influenced by different cultural societies exchange shared meanings in discourse.Yet, intercultural relations can be formed of different nationalities, different ethnic and level(p) different religion, as well as intercourse among individuals of different sexual orientation. However, communicating and exchanging values within different culture of individuals is complex as communication process is apparently complicated involving cognitive process, cultural background, individuals linguistic capability and even biological process. Stienfatt and Roger 19 99, claims that one of the most illuminating aspects of intercultural communication is that it opens our minds to the interplay of varied influenced.The world these days is facing majuscule challenges of an increasingly diverse in cultures. Interaction and exchanging values between individuals from different cultures can lead to a whole host of benefits, for instance establishing good relationships within society and healthier communities. Yet, culture allows individuals to connect in small communities to larger communities through exchanged experiences and values (Lull 1995). Intercultural relations assist students step back from their diagnostic point of view of seeing the world and demonstrates the influences that have constructed the ways of viewing this world.Cited in Stienfatt and Roger 1999, Gitlin 1995 indicated the concept of people thinking that human think within the intellectual and cultural currents that surround them. Back into the last decade, incursion colonializa tion and warfare brought individuals among countries with divergent cultures into face-to-face contact. An improvement of technologies in communication and rapidly evolving the transportation has changed the way individuals interact and communicate with each other in terms of intercultural relations and communication.However, people from different cultures are usually representative of divergent norms and psychological elements. The crusade explored that communication through various cultures occurred among individuals by human nature. capital of Israel is one of great examples cities in Middle East where people in different cultures and religions Muslims Christian and Jews sustentation together in relative peacefulness and harmoniousness. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Jerusalem indicated that communication strong suit among divergent cultures and religions are not relying on the study of intercultural relations.Nevertheless, cited in Yinyan 2013, Y. Y. Kim (1988) argued th at person who wishes to accomplish an effective intercultural interaction in terms of intercultural relations must be equipped with skills and abilities to be capable and deal with dynamics of cultural diversity. Yet, cite in Sydney morning herald article, Munro (2009) had explored the experiences of an Australian diplomat who worked in capital of Indonesia decided to resign from her workplace due to the strict rules of international diplomacy.The purpose of this essay is demonstrated the unavoidableness of intercultural relations for human being and discuss the terms of intercultural. People are socialized in their consume culture and also different in cultures are different norms. An effectiveness communication in intercultural relations can occur by human being in every generation as indicated in our predecessors in Crusades which is people should be culturally sensitive.

Learning Styles Inventory Essay Example for Free

information Styles inventorying EssayTaking the Learning Styles Inventory assay was an insightful, cultivational, and introspective experience as a whole. It measures cardinal areas of standards or measure that clearly define an individuals demeanoral approach on breeding the visual, social, physical, aural, verbal, solitary, and logical attainment styles. Each question within the test inquires about an individuals inclination or inclination to harboring the outcomes of scholarship from each means or scenario indicated.The questions provide a acquire blank space where oneness will determine how he identifies with it, and ones identification with each specific scenario determines how one learns through various situations. Putting oneself within each scenario allows one to review or evaluate ones motivations in nurture in order to understand clearly how ones behavior and learning environment would and should be altered to facilitate greater learning. The result of the Learning Styles Inventory Test clearly indicates my personality or takes on the learning situation.Out of the seven learning styles, the Memletic Learning Styles Graph, as shown below, depicts that I am more inclined to learn effectively when I utilize my physical functions. The valuation for each of the learning styles was remote that the bodily-kinesthetic learning style (18 points) stands out among the seven. (Learning Styles Inventory Results Page, 2007) This piece of information I find true as I do tend to want or charter to manipulate or experiencing things in order to learn or realize the structures or dimensions of objects, concepts, occurrences, and such.(The corporal (Bodily-Kinesthetic) Learning Style, 2007) Therefore, the result from the test did non surprise me at all. Next to the physical learning style, the aural learning style (15 points) follows as the second dominant one that applies to me. This is yet another factual information because I do find myself e njoying the learning experience when I work with music or sounds in the background. (The aural (Auditory-Musical-Rhythmic) Learning Style, 2007) Music, as part of the learning environment, sets the mood or rhythm that motivates me to carry on and finish, not to mention enjoy, what I am doing.On the contrary, the least learning styles that I can identify my learning behaviors with is the verbal learning style (11 points), also including the visual, social, and solitary learning styles (12 points each). This means that I am not motivated enough to learn by reading or writing, looking at or honoring visuals, socializing with other people, and even keeping to myself. The results of the test suggest that my strengths lie in my motivations and capabilities to do, or to endure more productive by being actively involved during the learning experience.However, it might be hard to become motivated within the learning environment as learning media such as visuals, scripted texts, the proces ses of socialization and independent learning are part of learning strategies or approaches being utilized in most cases. Moreover, the learning environment is balanced, such that it fosters various methods or approaches in learning and my unbalanced learning styles suggest that I will not be able to keep up with the learning environment.mayhap the most logical thing to do at this point is to try to even out or balance the learning styles that I should be accustomed to in order to draw out the advantages from it whenever the learning environment or situation calls for it. If it remains to be unbalanced, like my test results indicate, inflexibility will not facilitate learning but hinder the process of acquiring knowledge and skills as learning environments digress every time.Accomplishing this goal means that I would have to expose myself to varying learning situations, and understand the grandeur of each one in order to balance out my learning inclinations for the seven learning styles indicated. With this in mind, as the realization of the need to balance out these learning styles I have come to realize, I believe that taking the test allows one to understand the importance of being exposed to various learning situations and experiences which fosters creativity, flexibility, and competence in the workplace.ReferencesLearning Styles Inventory Results Page. (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2008, from Advanogy. com. Website http//www. learning-styles-online. com/inventory/results. asp The Aural (Auditory-Musical-Rhythmic) Learning Style. (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2008, from Advanogy. com. Website http//www. learning-styles-online. com/style/aural-auditory-musical/ The Physical (Bodily-Kinesthetic) Learning Style. (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2008, from Advanogy. com. Website http//www. learning-styles-online. com/style/physical-bodily-kinesthetic/

Influence of Music Essay Example for Free

Influence of unison EssayMusic and radio receiver has roots in American polish and the way society is today. The diametric eccentric persons of symphony genres have shaped American culture and cordial port of Americans. Audio media has had a major(ip) affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially todays youth and spring chicken adults.Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and RB created rock crop, music created American culture. Music appeals to young adults, and youth as an escape to the hard times of real life. Drawn by the explicit lyrics and beats, the youth always searches out for music to dance to and music to connect with. American culture has been steadily ever-ever-changing due to music and what is known as pop culture. The need to be accepted in a certain social group has a lot to do with music. Music brought a cultural remove in the race segregation, black artists playacting music with white a rtists and for mixed audiences. American culture originally the 50s was a strict segregation culture and music allowed for the barrier to be broken.Artists utilize sexual innuendoes and other antics changed what was the norm of morals and values and come in a more lax observatory on such things. Music has influenced the pioneerness of sexuality and sexual orientation. More and more artists are open about their sexuality, making it more of a normal thing in American Culture. Being homophile used to be shunned, and now it is openly celebrated. All of these things are because of music. The radio started playing what was known as race music on white stations and this made it so a lot of opposite Americans can hear and be exposed to a broad range of music.Becoming more gratifying rock and roll, punk, and hip hop have had an impact on the teens and young adults of American culture. The 80s brought the rebelliousness out of teens with punk rock music, while the 90s hip-hop has had a bountiful effect on behavior and attitudes of people. Music has shaped American culture in many ways, a way of expressing ones opinions and carry groups of people together with similar ideals and opinions. A way of bringing what was different cultures together and making one culture, The American Culture. disceptation and Roll is a genre of music that has forever changed the social behavior of Americans. Rock and roll has influenced American culture in the daily life, fashion and attitudes of most Americans. Rock and Roll broke the race barricade, forming in a time of a well-mannered rights movement. Rock and roll was a new form of music that encouraged desegregation. Evolving black artists and white artists playing black music, rock and roll changed the way American culture accepts what was at a time taboo. Rock and roll put a perception of sex, drugs, and alcohol to be accepted and what is considered cool. Artists singing about doing drugs, or lure up with random woman made it something to be idolized. Rock and roll influenced young adults to engage in risky behavior.Now is American culture, these things are almost considered normal. Rock and roll shaped fashion and is incessantly changing fashion. Fans copy styles of their favorite artists as a way to express ones self. From ripped up, tight, or baggy pants, long hair, colored hair, or shaved heads, the fashion is always changing. Some fashions coming mainstay and making another appearance in American culture, a lot of fashion comes from Rock and roll. Piercings and tattoos once forbidden, is becoming more and more acceptable in American culture. It is not strange to see lineage people and stay at home moms with tattoos.Rock and roll has influenced this change in American culture and tattoos are normal. Rock and roll artists have changed the way sexuality and sexual orientation is looked at. Rock and roll has made it okay to be gay and okay to dress how someone wants. Rock and roll has given the c are-free attitude to young adults. American culture has changed into a screw society, morals and values type of attitude, based on what rock and roll has made society. Rock and roll has given a mavin of community to certain groups of people who share ideals and values, and brings them together into a certain setting. Rock and roll has had a major effect on social behavior of Americans and American culture.Music does affect social behavior and attitudes of Americans. Music gives people an outlet to express their opinions. Audio media has links to American cultures in every decade, changing and molding American into what it is today. Since the 1700s even, people have sought out music as a way to connect to others. Audio media is an ever changing thing, which will always reflect on the social behavior and attitudes of Americans.

The Maintenance of Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

The Maintenance of Stereo faces endeavorAlthough the nature of stereotypes argon not essentially negative it has been nominate that stereotypes of out-group members are more(prenominal) likely to be negative than those of in-group members (Castelli et al. 2005 Perimputable, Dovidio, Gurtman Tyler, 1990). Despite this fact, engaging in stereotyping still occurs. In order to adequately understand why we continue to part stereotypes, when we know of the negativity that can be attached to them, several areas need to be considered. Firstly, in the context of this evidence stereotypes need to be defined. Lippman (1922) can be credited for having coined the term as being a set of socially shared representations and beliefs about the characteristics, features and behaviours of members of a group (Lyons Kashima, 2001). The kind identicalness Theory also seeks to define stereotypes (Brown, 2000). Secondly, there are various mechanisms which occur that support the ongoing part a nd livelihood of stereotypes. In relation to this is priming, which has been run aground to be an active influence (Rudman Borgida, 1995 Lepore Brown, 1997 Blair Banaji, 1996).More recent question illustrates that stereotyping emerges as a expressive style of simplifying the demands on an unmarried, a type of cognitive shortcut (Macrae et al. , 1994 Clark Kashima, 2007). Furthermore, stereotypes can be seen as a function of social connectivity and are therefrom saveed through conference (Lyons Kashima, 2006 Lyons and Kashima, 2003 Karasawa, Asai Tanabe, 2007). This essay will attempt to look at the most recent research in the past cardinal decades and investigate the various orders that incur been found to support the preservation of stereotypes.One of the key points with amicable identicalness Theory is that in the very act of categorisation, regardless of group contact, in-group preference is produced (Brown, 2000). This then defines a distinction from out-grou p members (2000). This group differentiation can lead to the formation of stereotypes. Individuals seek also to perceive themselves in as optimistic light as possible, in an attempt to establish a positive distinctiveness mingled with the self and other in-group members and between the in-group in comparison with the out-group.This is known as the self-esteem hypothesis (2000). From arrest how stereotypes are formed through the social identity theory, we can see how they are maintained. As found by Perdue, Dovidio, Gurtman, Tyler (1990), priming plays an intricate role in influencing the opinions and judgments of individuals on out-group members. A study conducted by Rudman Borgida (1995) fix male subjects to sexist female stereotypes through a television commercial in which women were portrayed as familiar objects.It was found that the primed males were more likely to en sex activity women in a sexual fashion, gainful more attention to her appearance than to what she was sayi ng. They also responded faster to sexist words pertaining to women (babe and bimbo) than to non-sexist (mother and nurture). In this right smart, language plays a role in unconsciously priming people to stereotypes. It helps create an in-group versus out-group bias (1990). Impressions of people are also moulded by the names and labels which are applied to them (1990). As found by Perdue et al.(1990) we, us, ours are incarnate pro-nouns and are thus flop priming influences in social cognition and perception, subtly characterising evaluative responses towards others and upholding the maintenance of stereotypes. However, in a study carried out by Blair and Banaji (1996) it was found that, although priming in stereotypes is mechanicalally activated, an individual can control and even eliminate the automatic response, such as in gender stereotyping. In fact, it is also the individuals intentions and cognitive resources that determine the extent to which an individual avoids the influ ence of such automatic processes.For example, in their study (1996) participants were asked to judge whether a name was male or female, when primed with a gender paired word, such as caring, sensitive, weak (for females) strong, arrogant or decisive (for males) or a unbiased word like autumn, jelly, sleep. When sufficient cognitive resources were available and the participants intended to process counter-stereotypic nurture (the gender unbiassed words) there was a complete reversal of stereotype priming (1996). So although priming is a powerful method in maintaining stereotypes it does not fully account for the prolongation of stereotyping in the face of its negativity.As account by Bodenhausen (1990) instead of processing incoming or new learning, stereotypes rely on previously stored companionship and as a result information processing becomes easier. Thus the maintenance of stereotypes could be partially due to a type of cognitive laziness. Instead of flexing the grey matt er muscle and using cognitive strength to process the new information, people effectively rest on their laurels, without motivation to change them they are reinforced to continue using stereotypes (Blair Banaji, 1996).However, as Macrae, Milne Bodenhausen (1994) established, stereotyping can also occur as a way to free up resources which can then be used in other tasks. Either way stereotypes are a type of judgmental heuristic, a short cut we take when demands are noble and resources low. For example, it was found that morning people, whose peak function was early on in the day, fell back on stereotypic responses in the afternoon and for afternoon people, whose peak function was later on in the day, it was the move up (1990). In this case, the amount of cognitive energy was the motivation to either reject or maintain a stereotype.In terms of the continuation of stereotypes, the motivation to reject them and process new information is thus a strong mechanism. It appears from the research (Clark Kashima, 2007 Lyons and Kashima, 2003 Lyons and Kashima, 2006 Lyons and Kashima, 2001) that stereotype-consistent information is more likely to be communicated than stereotype-inconsistent information, called the stereotype consistency bias. To test this, Lyons and Kashima (2001) investigated talk through a chain of people.The experiment involved one participant empathizeing a baloney with stereotype-consistent and inconsistent information relevant to the stereotypes of footballers then reproducing it from memory to another person. The second person then read it to a third, and the third to a forth and so on and so forth (2001). As the paper was communicated down the chain it became devoid of all stereotype-inconsistent information, effectively illustrating how dialogue is key in maintaining stereotypes. Clark and Kashima (2007) also found that the stereotype consistency bias would occur due to the social connectivity function found in stereotypes.In other wor ds when a stereotype was perceived as being socially shared it was more likely to be used. Thus, the social connectivity aspect of communication is a strong mechanism in the continuation of them. Subtyping occurs when any information from an individual, that undermines a groups stereotype, is functionally placed outside of the group and thus not calculated when forming a stereotype (Park, Wolsko Judd, 2001). This leaves the overall stereotype unchanged even though aspects of it have been disproved.Kunda and Oleson (2001) have also found that members of one group do not generalize the neutral information of an individual in the out-group to members of that same group. In other words, it is the negative aspects of out-group members that are projected, while the neutral as well as the positive features are ignored. Subtyping provides us with another mechanism in the maintenance of stereotypes, as we can see through this model that stereotypes are able to effectively shed aspects which are proved to be inaccurate whilst still maintaining the overall stereotypical view.Stereotypes are a persistent and persuasive method of social categorisation. Socially we are primed towards engaging in stereotypes (Perdue, Dovidio, Gurtman, Tyler, 1990). In terms of communication we use stereotypes when we perceive that the people we are communicating with hold the same stereotypes and so stereotypes become a type of social lubrication, assisting communication (Karasawa, Asai, Tanabe, 2007). In this way, communication is also a motivation to not reject the stereotype and process new information.However, if we consciously allocated more cognitive resources we would reject the stereotype and process new information (Macrae, Milne Bodenhausen, 1994). Although the mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of stereotypes are intricate and complex, if the puzzle of these mechanisms were to be explained then, although we know that we should avoid stereotypes, we would understand how t o. Blair, V. I. , Banaji, M. (1996). self-moving and controlled processors in stereotype priming. diary of temperament and Social Psychology, 70, 1142-1163. Bodenhausen, G.V. (1990).Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1, 319-322. Brown, R. (2000) Social identity theory Past problems, current achievements and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 745-778 Castelli, L. , Zecchini, A. , De Amicis, L. , Sherman, S. J. (2005). The impact of implicit prejudice about the elderly on the reaction to stereotype confirmation and disconfirmation. sure Psychology Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 24, 134-146. Clark, E.A. , Kashima, Y. (2007).Stereotypes help people connect with others in the community A situated functional outline of the stereotype consistency bias in communication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1028-1039. Karasawa, M. , Asai, N. , Tanabe, Y . (2007). Stereotypes as shared beliefs make of group identity on dyadic conversations. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 10, 515-532. Kunda, Z. , Oleson, K. C. (1995). Maintaining stereotypes in the face of disconfirmation Constructing grounds for subtyping deviants.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 565-579. Lepore, L, Brown, R. (1997) Category and stereotype activation Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 275-287. Lipman (1922) as cited in Lyons, A. , Kashima, Y. (2001). The reproduction of culture Communication processes tend to maintain cultural stereotypes. Social Cognition, 19, 372-391. Lyons, A. , Kashima, Y. (2006). Maintaining stereotypes in communication Investigating memory bias and coherence-seeking storytelling. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 59-71.Lyons, A. , Kashima, Y. (2003). How are stereotypes maintained through communication? The influence of stereotype sharedness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 989-1005. Lyons, A. , Kashima, Y. (2001). The reproduction of culture Communication processes tend to maintain cultural stereotypes. Social Cognition, 19, 372-391. Macrae, C. N. , Milne, A. B. , Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994). Stereotypes as energy-saving devices A peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 37-47.Park, B., Wolsko, C. , Judd, C. M. (2001). Measurement of subtyping in stereotype change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 325 332. Perdue, C. W. , Dovidio, J. F. , Gurtman, M. B. , Tyler, R. B. (1990). Us and them Social catergorization and the process of intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 475-186. Rudman, L. A. , Borgida, E. (1995). The afterglow of construct accessibility The behavioural consequences of priming men to view women as sexual objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31, 493 517.

Immigration from Mexico to the Us Essay Example for Free

Immigration from Mexico to the Us Essay entreeWhen you think about the US you think about immigration, both the legal and the vicious immigration. The united States of the States is a coun adjudicate buildup around immigration. Ever since the possibility of fleeing chaotic and poverty hit Europe had occasion a reality, umteen chose to take the jump and take the long journey against the possibilities country, America. Since the 16th century, where the country was discovered, it has been connected with The American intake and a newborn start on life and a possibility to be able to create a best life for yourself, better than the one you knew from your home country and many immigrated for that chance. The only Native Americans atomic number 18 the Indians all others argon immigrants, most often much than generations old. The US to a fault has the largest and most techno(prenominal)ogically powerful economy in the world, this means that a lot of people fluent believe in The American Dream and therefore try to immigrate into the US. We will explain the unlawful immigration to the US from Mexico in our task. After that we will look at the pros and cons of the abominable immigration financially. later on we want to analyze which influence the misappropriated immigration has on the United States economy. Finally wed worry to see on what the present president, Obama thinks of the subject and reckon which possibilities it opens up for in the early among other things the Dream act.Country portrait USAThe United States of America is a democratic federal re humans with more than 9,6 billion km2 and a population of 310 cardinal people. This makes them the third largest and third most populated country in the world. The US gained their freedom from the British Empire in 1776, and had first there been recognized as a nation. Ever since the breakaway from Brittan the US had a lot of issues on the national level. Among other things the civil war in the m iddle the 19th century. Up through the 19 and 20 century 37 new states was added to the republic, this resulted in the 50 states we k flat as the United States of American today.It was non until after the Second cosmos War the US took place as a superpower of the world and it has since been the all-dominant power both governmental and military, which has created the university-polar world community that we know today. The US has one gross national product at 15.29 trillion $ which is the largest economy for a single country in the world, GNP growth was in 2011 on 1.7 % which ranks as a no. 162 in the world. The US has a complete runforce on 153.6 million (2011) and GNP per inhabitant on 49,000 USDS (2011) this gives a little misleading picture, since the release between rich and poor is immense compared countries with less GNP per inhabitant.The US has an unemployment rate on 9 % (2011) and an incredible 15.1 % of the population live under the poverty sceptre (2010) the US is the result of a country with large immigration from many different countries over some(prenominal) hundred years, therefore the US is among the top of the countries in the world with most ethnic groups. The main communicate language in the US is face/American 82, 1% of the population speaks that while a careen 10,7 % of the population only speaks Spanish this creates a lot of barriers and scraps for the country.Issue Illegal immigration from MexicoDefinitionThe resound between the United States and Mexico stretches more than 2.000 miles and has become a symbol of a boiling bowl of political issues between the two countries. It is especially the illegal immigration from Mexico to the United States that are causing problems.Facts* Mexico experienced scotch turmoil in 1994, and there has been a large influx of Mexican immigrants ever since * Some 1.1 million people tries to cross the border and gets arrested every year * The Gini-coefficient (which is a measure of statistical dispersion that measures the variation among values) illustrates the difference between living standards in the US and in Mexico. Where zero is complete equality, 100 is utter(a) inequality. Mexico has a gini index on 54,6 compared to the US which has a gini index around 46.Push / Pull factorsThis difference between the two countries might not be clear from the gini index. But there is a huge difference in living standards and possibilities of doing something grater with their lives than what is possible in Mexico.* GDP per capita* Mexico $14.800* US $49.000Push factors* Unemployment rate in Mexico may be as high as 25 %* Crime with especially drugs and gun trafficking* 51, 3 % of the population are living below the poverty line* Difficult to develop a high standard of livingPull factors* Unemployment rate in the US is about 9 %* 15,1 % of the population are living below the poverty line* There are work for the Latinos in the South* Its toughened work in the hot sun. Americans j ust dont want to do it anymore, said Betty Perez, a local rancher.* pronounced difference in the quality of life between the two countries* Immigrants are chasing the American Dream early immigrants* Despite a recent report from the Pew Hispanic Center* There will of all time be immigrants trying to immigrate to a better life* Pull factors are getting humble and this might cook an effect / still a huge push factor Issue linguistic ChallengesDefinitionThe linguistic challenges that arise be start of the Mexicans immigration, confuse a huge effect on the us. By 2050 the United States will be the biggest Spanish-speaking country in the world.Analyzes* Education system loses quality, because of more Spanish talk students. Dropout rate for Hispanics is increasing.* Hispanic get substandard health care* Available jobs, notwithstanding the language cause problems* Spanish can be a gatewayThe education systems lose quality, because of more Spanish talking students. The dropout rate f or Hispanic between 16 and 19 years old who return poor English language skills is 59 percent. The Hispanic dropouts in educational institutions results in Hispanics with high an unemployment rate and low give jobs. Hispanic Immigrants get substandard health care, because they cannot speak English healthy and not all hospitals micturate Spanish translators. Some places in the us theres is actually jobs available for Hispanics, but manufacturing and retail employers cant hire the immigrants, because of their bad English level, the immigrants arent able to be trained and set in the jobs as well as the job safety requirements.You have to speak English on the job, so nobody has to be around you to tell you what the boss wants or translate out of an education manual, said Jose Adame of Horn Lake, Miss. He came from Mexico nine years ago for work, but said he was not able to find a steady job as a machine operator until he improved his English. The growing standard of living among S panish-talking countries affects the trading. South-America is a way more important country now to trade with, than it was before. Some places its actually good to speak Spanish, and can it can be a gateway for a job if you speak Spanish. Issue Economical ups and downs from immigrationDefinitionThe constant seethe of immigrants to the US presents some difficulties and some advantages. We will now try to uncover some of the economical ups and downs that have come as a result of immigration in the US.AnalyzesAre there economic and genial consequences of illegal immigration? Some say Illegal immigrants have cost billions of taxpayer-funded dollars for medical services, others say that they are an asset to the society. * One of Mexicos largest revenue streams (after exports and oil sales) consists of notes sent home by legal immigrants and illegal immigrants working in the U.S. * All empirical study of illegals economic impact demonstrates that illegal immigrants contribute more tha n they cost. Francine J Mipman, Professor of Law, Business and Economics at Chapman University* Many small cities in the south, close to the Mexican border, wont function without the immigrants. * Recent estimate from the Council of Economic Advisers is that immigrants as a whole (not just illegal immigrants) add about $37 billion a year to the U.S. economy, on net. * Its typically one-year-old uneducated men who immigrate to the US, so they dont really contribute that much. * Illegal immigration from Mexico caused a 3.6 percent reduction in the wages of non-high school graduates in the U.S. during 1980-2000.Issue President Obamas immigrations plans for the futureDefinitionIn November 2010 the Democrats lost the House and much of their Senate majority, which made it complicated for president fit Obama to successfully get his immigration politic reform through the senate. What is Barrack Obamas immigrations plan for the next 4 years?FactsIn 2008 president Obama ran for the presid ent post with immigration as one of his main issues, but there has been a lack of progress on immigrations reforms, which Obama explains with a large Republican opposition, as well as a shift in priorities given the global financial crisis. Even though Barrack Obama admits that the lack of immigrations reforms are the greatest failure of his time as president. One of the main issues of immigration in USA is the deportation of young hard working people, who were brought to the country by their parents.Obama will stop these deportations, and assist those young men get an education and be a part of the society. Since the beginning of his time in office, President Obama has worked to build a consensus for Congress to pass comprehensive immigration reform. He plans to continue his efforts to work with Congress to pass a bipartisan immigration reform, and has promised to make it a priority of his second endpoint as president. The President understands the challenges that immigrants face . Thats why he proposed a new rule to keep families unitedly by allowing undocumented spouses and children of U.S. citizens to stay in the country while they begin the legal immigration process. expiry / estimateIt is incredibly hard to draw any conclusions on the illegal immigrations part, mainly because they are illegal and no one keeps track of them. Some studies shows that the immigrants push the wage level down on certain(a) jobs, but the overall picture is that they contribute to the US economy. The illegal immigrants are not allowed any kindly services, therefore the cost of having them in the country is low while they take jobs that most Americans arent interested in. The legal immigrants pose a different issue, they are eligible to social services, and often ship their money to Mexico to their families, but they also use a steady flow of money in the country, it is more of a 50/50 saturation with the legal immigrants.Obama is going to continually try and make the US bet ter for immigrants, and cut down on deportation of young people who were brought to the country by their parents. Obama will try to get a lot of reforms through the senate, but its going to be hard, depending on how the votes in the dramatic art goes at the election. The linguistic challenge presented by the Hispanic speakers in the US is something to take serious. The costs that public institutions in the US have to spend, to please all the Spanish speakers in the US, are huge. The educational challenge is also present here, the standards of the US education system has been dropping as a result of the Spanish speaking students.MethodMost of the used statistics have been found online by using CIA, the world factbook. We have used the quantitative method and compared the two countries (Mexico and the US) statistics with each other looking at both economic and social problems. While looking at the numbers and statistics we have been critical and double checked the statistics that we found on different sites both Danish and American. In addition to that we have looked at several articles that have spoken about the issue of immigration both looking at pros and cons. We also watched a read during class in which there where some useful information about immigration from Mexico.

Chilean Mine Collapse Essay Example for Free

long pepperan Mine latch on EssayOn August 5, 2011, the San Jose Mine, a sm only copper operation in northern Chile owned by Minera San Esteban Primera suffered a cave-in (Weik, 2010, p.65). Thirty-three workers were confine 2,200-feet underground although facts, footage, and speculations of the disaster unraveled on the surface, which was covered by news stations around the world.As most of the world watched through the eyes and words of reporters, hoping for the mineworkers safe rescue and return, many another(prenominal) had doubts. While few Chileans dared say it out loud, most of the soil felt the miners were probably dead. But Fidel Bez believed in his heart they were alive (Yang, 2010, p.1). As the first few days turned into weeks, family members and loved ones of the 33 trapped miners held vigils outside of the mine entrance, at a crystalize shift camp, which they named Camp Hope (Yang, 2010, p.1). Families, along with the rest of the world watched and waited for information on the proposed rescue plan.During those darkest days of not knowing, the families must slang found comfort with each other. As other families of trapped miners were the plainly people who could understand what each individual was feeling and the uncertainty that no one wanted to concede. As the rescue efforts continued what information and details were given the families who lived at Camp Hope. This saga closely followed would show untarnished patterns of human behavior under extreme pressure with an exact ending of this drama, especially the timing, remaining uncertain. tone ending forward, the story is not about life and death. It is about endurance, resilience, and the power of hope.For 17 days loved ones of those trapped should have received counseling to pray for the best, but be prepared for the worse. Any information obtained by the experts should have been shared with all families of the trapped miners. Grief counseling would have been a necessity. Once tha t course session hit an opening, indicated by the air pressure disappearing, the families would need to bond together to endure whatever succeeding(a) lied ahead. As fate would have the families along with the rest of the world would in short receive a note from below stating we are fine in the refuge, all 33 of us (Yang, 2010, p.1).During the following weeks that soon became months, families and loved ones needed to continue working with a support system among themselves and also with an expert who had been adroit in disaster situations or crisis intervention. While prayers from around the world are sent from people these families forget never meet, a potential concern, probably in the back of their minds, but definitely present would have been a fiscal one. Needs of the families were not just limited to emotional matters but also to financial concerns. Families in this type of position need to focus on their faith and health and not if the bills leave alone be paid. The miner s families need time to cope and deal with whatever loss may lie ahead, while the miners employer should make sure that those financial concerns are addressed and handled.As a community, workers of this mining company would also have experienced the same concerns and emotional issues plagued by many of the families. Coworkers, who remained safe while their friends were buried alive, would need counseling and information to sustain them through the next coupling of weeks. The thoughts of it should have been me had to have been evident and in abundance among the men whose only position was to wait to discipline and what fate would hold for their friends.As addressed to the families of those trapped, all employees would face financial concerns as long as the mining company ceased all operations while rescue efforts where underway to free the 33 miners trapped 2,200-feet below the earths surface. As all able personnel, including hundreds of people who did everything doable to free t heir trapped coworkers and friends, the mining company would need to make sure that the financial needs of all employees were met.It was a complete team effort from the company owner to last person on the paysheet that helped to free the 33 miners who remained trapped under the earths surface for 69 days. Shaun Robstad a offer from Okotoks, Alta., just outside of Calgary, said it best It comes up everyday I wonder what its care down thereI dont think they went to work that day thinking they wouldnt be getting out (Yang, 2010, p.1).

Business Model of Nike Essay Example for Free

communication channel nonplus of Nike EssayIntroductionNike Inc. was founded in 1962 by calling card Bowerman and Phil buck as a alliance under the name, Blue Ribbon Sports. Nikes main harvest-tides be sports spot, sportswear, sports goods. In this paper, we result talk approximately The Challenge of Entrepreneurship hawkish backing Model Solid Strategic see Feasibility abridgment and concern intend. All of these topics atomic number 18 very(prenominal) important when we study the EOE and SBM, and in each topic fork out more than one point. We got The Benefits of Entrepreneurship competition of The Challenge of Entrepreneurship Core Competencies Innovations Sustainable Competitive Advantage Key conquest Factor of CBM Vision and explosive charge Objectives and Goals SWOT Competitor Business strategy of Solid Strategic Plan Industry and Market Feasibility Product or Service Feasibility Financial Feasibility and 5Forces Model of Feasibility Analysis. Now, we ar going to show you the power point.The Challenge of EntrepreneurshipThe Benefits of EntrepreneurshipSurveys show that owners of small businesses bank they lap up harder, earn more money, and are more satisfied than if they worked for someone else. (Via Dr. Jos A. Torres Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management Powerpoint) chance to Create Your Own Destiny. Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by University of Oregon excision jockstrap Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The caller initially operated as a electrical distri stillor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka tiger(now ASICS), making most(prenominal) sales at track meets out of Knights automobile. accord to Otis Davis, a student athlete whom Bower man coached at the University of Oregon, who later went on to come through two gold medals at the 1960 Summer Olympics, Bower man make the counterbalance pair of Nike home for him, contradicting a clai m that they were made for Phil Knight. Says Davis, I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I dont care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bower man made the first pair of stead for me. People dont believe me. In fact, I didnt like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were as well as tight. But I saw Bower man makethem from the waffle iron, and they were mine. (Via HTTP//en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) probability to Make a Difference. In 1979, Nike look modify technology Air, by the inventor of the m. Frank Rudy patented, first applied on the Tailwind ladder shoes, the flub film in running shoes soles for the protection of the cushion. And Nike has created legion(predicate) print and television advertisements with Wieden+ Kennedy, Wieden+ Kennedy remains Nikes first-string ad agency. It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who coined the now- known slogan Just Do It for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by publicize Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution. Walt weed was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988. Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Lets do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product linage to encompass many sports and regions throughout the human.16 In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building World Headquarters campus in Beaverton, Oregon. (Via HTTP//en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.)Opportunity to legitimate Improve profits. In 2005, Nike Air Jordan 20 generations. Nike Free series, excessively in protecting the foot, like unshoed training is provided for the wearer. Nike as of May 31, total annual profits had 13.7 billion dollars, a 12% growing in the past fiscal year. On December 19, 2013, Nike Incs quarterly profit rose as a result of orbiculate orders for merchandise for delivery by April increased 13 percent. Fu ture orders of shoes or clothes for delivery between December and April, rose to $10.4 billion. Nike apportions (NKE) rose 0.6 percent to $78.75 in extended trading. (Via HTTP//en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.)Opportunity to Contribute to Society and Be Recognized for Your Efforts. NIKE Charity Organization, is a Non-G everywherenmental Organization Headquartered in PORT HARCOURT RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA. It is self-reliant and submissive to the laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. They are determined to achieve our dreams and purpose of giving hope to the less(prenominal) privilege and to discharge our duties as members of non-profit organization in accordance to our core rates at National, recount and Local Government levels. We are prepared to harness, strengthen and efficiently direct our efforts as much as we are out to join hands with other organizations, and individuals in the fight against the Girl Child Abuse. (Via HTTP//saccharinity.com/about_us.php)CompetitionNIKE is a consumer products company and the relative popularity of variant sports and fitness activities and changing design trends affect the demand for our products. The gymnastic footwear, apparel, and equipment industry is highly warring in the United States and on a worldwide basis. We compete internationally with a significant number of athletic and leisure footwear companies, athletic and leisure apparel companies, sports equipment companies, and salient companies having diversified lines of athletic and leisure footwear, apparel, and equipment. We too compete with other companies for the production capacity of independent manufacturers that disclose our products and for import quota capacity.Our competitors product tossings, technologies, commercializeing expenditures (including expenditures for advertising and seconds), pricing, be of production, and customer service are areas of intense competition. This, in addition to rapid changes in technology and consumer preference s in the grocery stores for athletic and leisure footwear and apparel, and athletic equipment, make believe significant risk factors in our operations. If we do not adequately and timely anticipate and respond to our competitors, our lives may increase or the consumer demand for our products may decline significantly. (Via Nike-2013-form-10K)Designing a Competitive Business ModelCore CompetenciesNikes musical note , technology and brand is famous . Nikes Air cushion technology is almost using in every hoops shoes ,its good for athletes foot . the Nike having its own core competency due to organizations own skills and core competence it has taken a competitive proceeds and now is taking a large market share. The core competence of Nike is to specialize in athletes foot wear and other sports items. As we know every organization has its R D de spellment .The R D department of Nike is playing a vital role because of its conversions in foot wear how theconsumers can feel comfort by wearing their shoes and the quality thats the most important factor to be given in shoes and they soak up unlike categories of shoes which is running shoes nick shocks, Jordan, and other types that is tar stiring distinguishable type of consumers having different perceptions.But most important topic of Nike is they dont make shoes they design and then give their design to the production companies in Korea and china or Vietnam. Due to which they are more specialized in their innovation and in this way they have made their core competence in making innovative design of athlete shoes.InnovationsNike believe his research and reading efforts are a key factor in nis conquest .NIKE strives to produce products that help to reduce distress , enhance athletic performance and maximize comfort success . (Via Nike 2013 Annual base) Nike also find many expert in chemistry, exercise physiology, engineering, industrial design, sustainability and think fields ask they advices to fixed Nik es shoes and clothing . Nikes air cushion shock absorption technology is famous in the basketball shoes area .Nikes Brand shoes like LBJ , Kobe and KD has many color and types .Sustainable Competitive AdvantageExternal Analysis Nikes brand awareness is famous all over the world ,everyone buying shoes first chose is Nike . Nike sponsored the top athletes and gained valuable coverage. , like Jordan , LeBron James , .From the Nikes 2013 annual enunciate will find that Nike growing up every years . Nike has many competitors , like Adidas , Puma , Reebok and so on , but Nikes market share is more than any other . Internal Analysis As we know ,Nikes product is quality , Nikes has own RD center to productive raw(a) technology ,like air cushion shock absorber technology ,environmental technology and so on .Its base technology to Nikes product .Nike of all time find many creative thing to put in Nikes product ,like knitting technology in his shoes .Thats awesome . Nike has employed crea tive marketing and advertisement platforms in building brand awareness and equity of its diversified products. For instance, the company uses Tiger Woods a skilled golfer to build its line of golf products.It further employs professionals in various departments that include distribution, marketing, finance,product management, research and design, information technology, and product development so as to sensitize the market of its diversified products Nike also operates an internship program every summer lasting for three months giving students an insight on the diverse brands. Other avenues Nike accomplishes diversification strategy is through mergers, joint ventures, takeovers, and acquisitions. The company also has an RD unit called the innovation kitchen located in the main parent company in Oregon, to enable it to continue producing crotchety products such as the cushioning system in shoes.Key Success FactorJordan Brand Jordan brand is a big part of the Nike. Jordans shoes is popular in all over the world .Jordan shoes occupy the USA 10.8% market share in 2009 .Jordan shoes sales almost two clock of Adidas . (Via http//sports.sina.com.cn/k/2009-09-12/16084584096.shtml)So Jordan brand is a key success factors of Nike .) Jordan brand is popular in young sight , every young people want a Jordans shoes its beautiful and gentle .Especially Jordans air cushion technology , using in every basketball shoes . technology In addition to Nikes own staff of specialists in the areas of biomechanics ,chemistry , exercise physiology, engineering , industrial design, sustainability ,and related fields , we also utilize research committees and advisory boards made up of athletes , coaches, trainers , equipment managers , orthopedists , Podiatrists , and other experts who consult with us and review designs , Materials , concepts for product and manufacturing process improvements and compliance with product safety regulations around the world . (Nike Annual Report ) Ad vertisement Advertisements play a significant role in the athletic apparel industry, as consumers swear on catalogues and online advertisements .Nike has many endorsers ,like Jordan ,James ,Durant and so on. These guys bring many customers .Nike has online store ,you can buy many things in this store ,before impudently product star sales ,youll get an e-mail about this product .Nikes advertisement not only online but also in everywhere .Its very nasty Adidas Adidas is a very famous company ,its very popular in world too .But in these years, Adidass market in decrease very fast .Because Adidass endorsers did not famous than Nikes endorses .Adidass endorses including Yao Ming ,A.I ,D.Rose and so on .But they trouble or retied .Adidassquality and technology is also well known .But Adidas lost because the endorses . refreshing ease New Balance (I will call New Balance as NB for short ) is known as a most comfortable shoes .They has many immature technology ,such as BIOSHIELD ,A BZORB EX ,REVAX ,ENCAP ,and so on .And NB is popular in young people ,you will find many young people wear NB in the street .ITs a huge market to NB.Building a Solid Strategic PlanIts a significant part of a successful business. It keeps the company to where they oriented, to meet their mission, goals and objectives, and lead it on the right way. A Strategy plan is to build a competitive advantage. It involved Vision and Mission Statement, also Objectives and Goals, SWOT Analysis, Competition Analysis and Formulate Strategies. We are going to find out what does Nike different from others, why it is unique, and what it has that others dont. I am about to use Five Forces Model to analyze the competitive advantages for Nike.Vision, Mission, Goal and ObjectiveNikes vision is To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world. The legendary University of Oregon track and field coach, and Nike co-founder, Bill Bowerman said, If you have a body, you are an athlete.. Its thei r mission. (Via http//help-en-us.nike.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/113/p/3897) Their goal is to become and keep the number one sportswear brand all over the world. Their objective is keep down the manufacturing cost and keep their expense down then they can busy the market in some less developed countries who can become the economically dependent in the industry. (Via http//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_objectives_of_Nike_company)SWOT Analysis.Strengths As one of the Fortune 500 company, Nike has numerous strengths. It is positioned at being the number one sportswear brand globally, it Offers their products worldwide, it has a very strong marketing campaign that increases brand familiarity, and it has no factories, it uses OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to get the work done. It has contracts with above 700 shops globally in about 45 different countries. it also has offices in these different countries. It has chains of retail stores likeNiketown so that it can sell there. Its famous Swoosh is instantly recognizable, and Phil Knight plain has it tattooed on his ankle. Weaknesses The organization does have a diversified range of sports products. However, the income of the business is still heavily dependent upon its share of the footwear market. This may leave it vulnerable if for any reason its market share erodes. The retail sector is very price sensitive. Nike does have its own retailer in Nike Town. However, most of its income is derived from exchange into retailers. Retailers tend to offer a very similar experience to the consumer. Can you tell one sports retailer from another? So margins tend to get squeezed as retailers try to pass some of the low price competition pressure onto Nike.Opportunities Product development offers Nike many opportunities. The brand is fiercely defended by its owners whom truly believe that Nike is not a carriage brand. However, like it or not, consumers that wear Nike product do not always buy it to participate in sport. Some would argue that in youth culture especially, Nike is a fashion brand. This creates its own opportunities, since product could become unfashionable before it wears out i.e. consumers need to replace shoes. There is also the opportunity to develop products such as sport wear, sunglasses and jewelry. such(prenominal) high value items do tend to have associated with them, high profits. The business could also be developed internationally, building upon its strong global brand recognition. There are many markets that have the disposable income to spend on high value sports goods. For example, emerging markets such as China and India have a new richer generation of consumers.There are also global marketing events that can be utilized to support the brand such as the World Cup (soccer) and The Olympics. Threats Nike is exposed to the international nature of trade. It buys and sells in different currencies and so be and margins are not stable over long periods of time. Such an exposure could mean that Nike may be manufacturing and/or selling at a loss. This is an issue that faces all global brands. The market for sports shoes and garments is very competitive. The role model developed by Phil Knight in his Stamford Business School days (high value branded product manufactured at a low cost) is now commonly used and to an extent is no protracted a basis for sustainable competitive advantage.Competitors are developing alternative brands to take away Nikes market share. As discussed above in weaknesses, the retail sector is becoming price competitive. Thisultimately means that consumers are shopping around for a better deal. So if one store charges a price for a pair of sports shoes, the consumer could go to the store along the street to compare prices for the exactly the same item, and buy the cheaper of the two. Such consumer price sensitivity is a potential external threat to Nike. (Via Nike 2013 Annual Report,http//www.quality-assurance-solutions.com/sw ot-analysis-nike.html, http//www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/account-management-provides-special-treatment-in-marketing-administration-marketing-essay.php http//www.marketingteacher.com/swot/nike-swot.html) read the Competition. Nike has some competitive Direct competitors- Adidas, New Balance and Li Ning. They offer the product that Nike does, and all of these companies have different key success factors. Adidas, is the most competitor od Nike with do doubt, they compete with Nike for No.1 sportswear mark for over 40 years But in these years, Adidass market in decrease very fast .Because Adidass endorsers did not famous than Nikes endorses .Adidass endorses including Yao Ming ,A.I ,Derrick Rose and so on .But they hurt or retied .Adidass quality and technology is also well known .But Adidas lost because the endorses New Balance is known as a most comfortable shoes .They has many new technology ,such as BIOSHIELD ,ABZORB EX ,REVAX ,ENCAP ,and so on .And New Balance is popular in young people ,you will find many young people wear New Balance in the street .ITs a huge market to New Balance Some Significant competitors like Under equip and Skechers, they offer similar products like apparel or footwear, they compete with Nike in some fields. Some corroborative competitors like The North Face or Columbia, both of them are the most of the famous outdoor brand, they offer windbreaker or accessories that Nike does. They have impacts to Nike in some mutual markets. Conclusion Nike does perfectly in quality and endorsement, they almost signed all significant players and teams all over the world. Adidas has no most strength but all factors are averaged. New Balance does best in technology, it can makes sneakers more comfortable. (New Balance has never signed any endorsers since it founded, so its score is little bit lower)Cost leadership.Nike uses Business Simulation Strategy. It has no factories, it uses OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to get the work done, a nd it doesnt has stores mostly. It offers products to Franchised retailers, and let them sell the products. It saved money from factories and rent, so its overhead is low. No shop, no labors,. quantity of materials, low too. If a supplier increases costs, Nike can easily change a new one with lower cost, Nike can do this because of its ability. Nike definitely has low cost access to factors of production. The enormity of Nike in respect to their suppliers gives them a huge advantage in production negotiations. Due to their high volumes for products, the cut-throat low cost nature of selecting a manufacturer, and coupled with the fact that Nikes suppliers depend so heavily on them for their own success that they have little to no bargaining room toward raising prices, allows Nike to continuously enjoy low costs of production.Nikes hardware and software technology implementations of using the not only using the best materials but creating them in a vertical fashion and housing an inno vation culture from the top down, allow Nike a first move advantage into cost savings. However most of these advances only bring definite savings for a short time due to competitive parity within the industry, their creative nature definitely does eudaemonia over the long run. Nike reduced costs by cutting some of its endorsements. Company research suggested the endorsement by the Italian soccer team, was not achieving the desired result. Michael Jordan, LeBron James, Kobe Bryant and a few other endorsers were retained epoch some other like Italian soccer team, were eliminated, to saving over $100 million. Nike does incredible in cost control. (Nike 2013 Annual Report)Differentiation.Differentiation strategy by Nike is used to gain market share advantage in the broad foot ware market. Aside from foot wear, the company boasts of products such as clothing, equipment, and even accessories. The strategy is achieved by producing consumer goods and services that customers perceive to be of high quality or have added unique features. This has been achieved by the company innovating state of the art athletic shoes that are publicized through melodramatic guerrilla marketing. Marketing of the different products is designed to coerce customers that Nikes shoes are not only superior but also a high fashion statement which is a necessary part of a lifestyle basedon athletic or sporting interests.The company has also identify itself by using highflyers that are best used in distinguishing sporting disciplines hence enabling the company reach its target market, for instance, the Brazilian national soccer team or even Michael Jordan. Also, Nike is different from others in their Ads. They show not only their technology but also leading endorsers like Michael Jordan, LeBron James, Kobe Bryant and Cristiano Ronaldo in their Ads of new products. At the same time, their Ads are also very creative and with imagination, make people who watched them unforgettable. (Via Nike 2013 Annual Report) Focus.